{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T16:10:51Z","timestamp":1770999051704,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"European Respiratory Society (ERS)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Respir J"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2001,12,25]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Very high concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) have been measured in arenas using combustion engine-powered resurfacing machines. This study was performed to compare the occurrence of asthma in children playing ice hockey in arenas using propane-powered machines and in children attending arenas using electric machines.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Children regularly playing hockey in the arenas (nine propane, six electric) were sent a questionnaire, including questions on allergic disease and risk factors. Measurements of NO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>were performed with passive diffusion samplers during 3 consecutive days.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The mean NO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>concentration in the propane arenas was 276\u2005\u00b5g\u00b7m<jats:sup>\u22123<\/jats:sup>(range 28\u20131015\u2005\u00b5g\u00b7m<jats:sup>\u22123<\/jats:sup>) and 11\u2005\u00b5g\u00b7m<jats:sup>\u22123<\/jats:sup>(2\u201330) in the electric arenas. Questionnaires were answered by 1,536 children (78%), with an overall prevalence of asthma of 16%. The odds ratio (OR) for asthma was 0.9 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.7\u20131.2) comparing propane arenas to electric. However, children in propane arenas with higher than median concentration of NO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>reported more wheezing (OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.0\u20131.9) and nasal symptoms (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.3\u20132.3) than children in propane arenas with lower concentrations.<\/jats:p><jats:p>In conclusion, children playing ice hockey in indoor arenas have a high prevalence of asthma, but it appears unlikely that increased exposure to combustion products, including nitrogen dioxide, is a major contributor to this excess risk.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.02.00266302","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,9,6]],"date-time":"2002-09-06T21:12:37Z","timestamp":1031346757000},"page":"646-650","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Asthma in children exposed to nitrogen dioxide in ice arenas"],"prefix":"10.1183","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"P.","family":"Thunqvist","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Lilja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Wickman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Pershagen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"81","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024101809445111000_20.3.646.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/24.6.1147"},{"key":"2024101809445111000_20.3.646.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.307.6904.596","volume":"307","year":"1993","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2024101809445111000_20.3.646.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-200001000-00014"},{"key":"2024101809445111000_20.3.646.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3003.1999.14c29.x"},{"key":"2024101809445111000_20.3.646.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1006\/enrs.1997.3757","volume":"74","year":"1997","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"2024101809445111000_20.3.646.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1080\/10473289.1997.10464399","volume":"47","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Air Waste Manag Assoc"},{"key":"2024101809445111000_20.3.646.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1989.03430210056030"},{"key":"2024101809445111000_20.3.646.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2796.1996.484820000.x"},{"key":"2024101809445111000_20.3.646.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.95.08030483"},{"key":"2024101809445111000_20.3.646.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1352-2310(97)00170-2"},{"key":"2024101809445111000_20.3.646.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/074823379501100401"},{"key":"2024101809445111000_20.3.646.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.98.12020432"},{"key":"2024101809445111000_20.3.646.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3038.1997.tb00140.x","volume":"8","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pediatr Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"2024101809445111000_20.3.646.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.98.12040825"},{"key":"2024101809445111000_20.3.646.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.98.12010013"},{"key":"2024101809445111000_20.3.646.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.109.2.312"},{"key":"2024101809445111000_20.3.646.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1398-9995.1999.00044.x"},{"key":"2024101809445111000_20.3.646.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.1997.tb00174.x","volume":"52","year":"1997","journal-title":"Allergy"}],"container-title":["European Respiratory Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1183\/09031936.02.00266302","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,24]],"date-time":"2025-02-24T05:43:32Z","timestamp":1740375812000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.ersnet.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.1183\/09031936.02.00266302"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,9]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,9,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1183\/09031936.02.00266302"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/09031936.02.00266302","relation":{},"ISSN":["0903-1936","1399-3003"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0903-1936","type":"print"},{"value":"1399-3003","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,9]]}}}