{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T20:38:27Z","timestamp":1793479107797,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":108,"publisher":"European Respiratory Society (ERS)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Respir J"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2002,4,22]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Three distinct entities are now covered by the definition of primary pulmonary clonal lymphoid proliferation. The aim of this review is to describe the pathophysiological, diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic aspects of these three entities.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Low-grade pulmonary B-cell lymphoma is the most frequent form of primary pulmonary clonal lymphoid proliferation. It arises from mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue. It is usually indolent and appears in the form of a chronic alveolar opacity. The prognosis is excellent, but treatment is controversial (simple monitoring, surgery or single-agent chemotherapy). High-grade pulmonary B-cell lymphoma is far rarer and usually occurs in individuals with an underlying disorder (<jats:italic>e.g.<\/jats:italic>immunodeficiency). The prognosis is poor and therapeutic options depend on the underlying disorder.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The inclusion of lymphomatoid granulomatosis in the definition of primary pulmonary lymphomas is controversial. The clonal nature of the proliferation is very rarely demonstrated and extrapulmonary involvement is frequent (upper airways, skin, kidneys, central nervous system,<jats:italic>etc.<\/jats:italic>). The prognosis is extremely variable, with some authors reporting complete remission with steroids and cyclophosphamide and others reporting failure of combination chemotherapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.02.00404102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,9,6]],"date-time":"2002-09-06T21:12:37Z","timestamp":1031346757000},"page":"750-762","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":315,"title":["Primary pulmonary lymphoma"],"prefix":"10.1183","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"J.","family":"Cadranel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Wislez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Antoine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"81","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.1","unstructured":"Isaacson PG, Norton AJ. Extranodal lymphomasNew York, Churchill Livingstone, 1994."},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197201)29:1<252::AID-CNCR2820290138>3.0.CO;2-#"},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0215(19970917)72:6<923::AID-IJC1>3.0.CO;2-R"},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(19)33536-6","volume":"48","year":"1964","journal-title":"J Thoracic Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19841001)54:7<1397::AID-CNCR2820540728>3.0.CO;2-4"},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.6","unstructured":"Jaffe ES, Travis WD. Lymphomatoid granulomatosis and lymphoproliferative disorders of the lung In: Lynch JP, De Remmee RA, ed. Immunologically mediated pulmonary diseasesPhiladelphia, JB Lippincott Company, 1991; pp. 274\u2013301."},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(196307)16:7<928::AID-CNCR2820160709>3.0.CO;2-H","volume":"16","year":"1963","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19830601)51:11<2070::AID-CNCR2820511120>3.0.CO;2-R"},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19850801)56:3<539::AID-CNCR2820560322>3.0.CO;2-D"},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(83)80258-5","volume":"14","year":"1983","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.1988.tb02000.x"},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.1995.tb00271.x"},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(84)80074-X"},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1002\/hon.2900010107","volume":"1","year":"1983","journal-title":"Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.1990.tb01157.x"},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19850815)56:4<805::AID-CNCR2820560418>3.0.CO;2-Q"},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.1995.tb00246.x","volume":"26","year":"1995","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V84.5.1361.1361","volume":"84","year":"1994","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.19","first-page":"3","volume":"11","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199901000-00006"},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2486","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1999.17.8.2486","volume":"17","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)64988-7","volume":"156","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.23","first-page":"139","volume":"36","year":"1999","journal-title":"Semin Hematol"},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.103.1.201"},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-200001000-00006"},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.26","first-page":"423","volume":"14","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.105.2.514"},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.149.2.8306056"},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.290.6474.1041","volume":"290","year":"1985","journal-title":"Br Med J (Clin Res Ed)"},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.91.5.787"},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.105.2.458"},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.88.2.297"},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/137.4.957","volume":"137","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(12)65010-1","volume":"65","year":"1990","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2538","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V77.11.2538.2538","volume":"77","year":"1991","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.103.2.335"},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/148.1.222","volume":"148","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.40.7.542"},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(12)65127-1","volume":"65","year":"1990","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.115.5.1242"},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.40.8.629"},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.42","first-page":"203","volume":"78","year":"1991","journal-title":"Bull Cancer"},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19841115)54:10<2088::AID-CNCR2820541008>3.0.CO;2-Y"},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.44","first-page":"S126","volume":"111","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.45","first-page":"160","volume":"3","year":"1995","journal-title":"Appl Immunohistochem"},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.46","unstructured":"Grenier P. Syndromes radiologiques In: Flammarion, ed. Medicine-Sciences Imagerie thoracique de l'adulteParis, 1998."},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.47","unstructured":"Yousem SA, Colby TV. Pulmonary lymphomas and lymphoid hyperplasias In: Knowles DM, ed. Neoplastic HematopathologyBaltimore, Williams and Wilkins, 1991; pp. 979\u20131007."},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dail DH, Hammar SP. Pulmonary PathologyNew York, Springer-Verlag, 1994.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-3935-0"},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1999.17.4.1254","volume":"17","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V95.3.802.003k19_802_806","volume":"95","year":"2000","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1054\/bjoc.2000.1308"},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-200108000-00003"},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1624","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1997.15.4.1624","volume":"15","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(99)01535-0"},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2041","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2001.19.7.2041","volume":"19","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.56","first-page":"4262","volume":"41","year":"1981","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.57","first-page":"173","volume":"133","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.58","first-page":"583","volume":"1","year":"1984","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0046-8177(89)90046-4"},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000029397"},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.96.6.1321"},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.62","first-page":"15","volume":"115","year":"1991","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.158.4.9801057","volume":"158","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0039.1978.tb01236.x","volume":"11","year":"1978","journal-title":"Tissue Antigens"},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.3109\/10428190009087032","volume":"38","year":"2000","journal-title":"Leuk Lymphoma"},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19871015)60:8<1771::AID-CNCR2820600817>3.0.CO;2-2"},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19931115)72:10<3078::AID-CNCR2820721033>3.0.CO;2-F"},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0046-8177(94)90091-4"},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.116.5.1282"},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19930201)71:3<721::AID-CNCR2820710311>3.0.CO;2-U"},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.71","first-page":"1","volume":"2","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann Diagn Pathol"},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(98)00131-4"},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-198712000-00010"},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19901015)66:8<1781::AID-CNCR2820660824>3.0.CO;2-5"},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.96.5.1199"},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19900115)65:2<349::AID-CNCR2820650228>3.0.CO;2-C"},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.115.4.1207"},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19940315)73:6<1738::AID-CNCR2820730631>3.0.CO;2-U"},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(72)80005-4","volume":"3","year":"1972","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.80","first-page":"1","volume":"108","year":"1973","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197901)43:1<360::AID-CNCR2820430151>3.0.CO;2-8"},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.82","first-page":"283","volume":"18","year":"1986","journal-title":"Pathology"},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1674","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V72.5.1674.1674","volume":"72","year":"1988","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-97-1-78","volume":"97","year":"1982","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(77)80004-X"},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199408000-00001","volume":"18","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1300","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199511000-00011","volume":"19","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-87-6-691","volume":"87","year":"1977","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.3109\/07357908409040316","volume":"2","year":"1984","journal-title":"Cancer Invest"},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199809000-00008"},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19880815)62:4<705::AID-CNCR2820620410>3.0.CO;2-Z"},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0046-8177(91)90269-U"},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(12)61975-2","volume":"61","year":"1986","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.94","first-page":"645","volume":"68","year":"1988","journal-title":"Q J Med"},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.95","first-page":"634","volume":"53","year":"1978","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19900115)65:2<249::AID-CNCR2820650212>3.0.CO;2-Y"},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.97","first-page":"435","volume":"3","year":"1990","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.98.12010102"},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-198201000-00002","volume":"6","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-198201000-00001","volume":"61","year":"1982","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197608)38:2<846::AID-CNCR2820380231>3.0.CO;2-F"},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.142.1.79","volume":"142","year":"1984","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1985.03360240070037"},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.143.3.7079490","volume":"143","year":"1982","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.175.5.1751335"},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1148\/radiographics.18.3.9599392","volume":"18","year":"1998","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199310000-00004","volume":"17","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"2024101809461259000_20.3.750.108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(12)65413-5","volume":"63","year":"1988","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"}],"container-title":["European Respiratory Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1183\/09031936.02.00404102","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,24]],"date-time":"2025-02-24T05:43:24Z","timestamp":1740375804000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.ersnet.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.1183\/09031936.02.00404102"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,9]]},"references-count":108,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,9,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1183\/09031936.02.00404102"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/09031936.02.00404102","relation":{},"ISSN":["0903-1936","1399-3003"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0903-1936","type":"print"},{"value":"1399-3003","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,9]]}}}