{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T20:36:51Z","timestamp":1791232611224,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"European Respiratory Society (ERS)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Respir J"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2003,7,16]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Many time-series studies have shown positive associations between air pollutants and asthma morbidity. However, few studies have included pollen as a potential confounder when examining this relationship.<\/jats:p><jats:p>This study analysed the short-term association between air pollutants (sulphur dioxide (SO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>), particles measured with a median aerodynamic diameter of &lt;10\u2005\u00b5m (PM<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>), nitrogen dioxide (NO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) and ozone (O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>)) and asthma emergency room admissions in Madrid, Spain, in 1995\u20131998, adjusting for four types of pollen with allergenic potential (<jats:italic>Olea europaea<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Plantago sp.<\/jats:italic>, Poaceae and Urticaceae). Data were analysed using autoregressive Poisson regression and generalised additive models (GAM).<\/jats:p><jats:p>The strongest associations were observed at 1 day lag for O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>, and 3 days lag for the remaining pollutants. Using Poisson regression, a single-pollutant model showed that a 10\u2010\u00b5g\u00b7m<jats:sup>\u22123<\/jats:sup>rise in pollutant level led to relative risks of: 1.039 for PM<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>; 1.029 for SO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>; 1.033 for NO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>; and 1.045 for O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>. Adjustment for the different types of pollen led to no substantial variation in these associations. In the multipollutant models for cold-season pollutants (including PM<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>, SO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>and the four types of pollen) and photochemical pollutants (including NO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>and the four types of pollen) the associations for PM<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>, NO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>and O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>held, but no relationship with SO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>was evident. GAM analysis yielded the same results, both in terms of lags and of quantification of the effect for all pollutants.<\/jats:p><jats:p>In conclusion, the usual air pollution levels in Madrid were associated with an increase in asthma emergency room admissions, and this association remained controlling for the presence of ambient pollen.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.03.00013003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,10,29]],"date-time":"2003-10-29T21:10:15Z","timestamp":1067461815000},"page":"802-808","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":134,"title":["Short-term effects of air pollution on daily asthma emergency room admissions"],"prefix":"10.1183","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"I.","family":"Gal\u00e1n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Tob\u00edas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.R.","family":"Banegas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Ar\u00e1nguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"81","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024101810345270000_22.5.802.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1398-9995.2000.00387.x"},{"key":"2024101810345270000_22.5.802.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/rmed.2001.1031"},{"key":"2024101810345270000_22.5.802.3","first-page":"33","volume":"12","year":"2000","journal-title":"Bolet\u00edn Epidemiol\u00f3gico de la Comunidad de Madrid"},{"key":"2024101810345270000_22.5.802.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.1993.tb00303.x"},{"key":"2024101810345270000_22.5.802.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(99)70280-0"},{"key":"2024101810345270000_22.5.802.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/0007142001903562"},{"key":"2024101810345270000_22.5.802.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1080\/00039899909603371","volume":"54","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Environ Health"},{"key":"2024101810345270000_22.5.802.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.164.10.2010138"},{"key":"2024101810345270000_22.5.802.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)11274-8"},{"key":"2024101810345270000_22.5.802.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.53.10.842"},{"key":"2024101810345270000_22.5.802.11","first-page":"1742","volume":"343","year":"2001","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"key":"2024101810345270000_22.5.802.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02168-1"},{"key":"2024101810345270000_22.5.802.13","first-page":"265","volume":"58","year":"1987","journal-title":"Ann Allergy"},{"key":"2024101810345270000_22.5.802.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(95)70028-5"},{"key":"2024101810345270000_22.5.802.15","unstructured":"Hastie TJ, Tibshirani RJ. 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