{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T06:05:04Z","timestamp":1759730704570,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"European Respiratory Society (ERS)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Respir J"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,4]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Links between immune responses to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), age and atopic sensitisation are poorly understood.<\/jats:p><jats:p>This study investigated the induction of target organ type\u20101, type\u20102 and pro-inflammatory cytokine responses to RSV and\/or phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) in tonsillar mononuclear cells from children, in relation to age and atopic status.<\/jats:p><jats:p>In comparison with the control medium, RSV induced production of the type\u20101 cytokines interferon (IFN)\u2010\u03b3 and interleukin (IL)\u201018, the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL\u20106, \u20108 and RANTES (regulated on activation, normal T\u2010cell expressed and secreted), but not any of the type\u20102 cytokines IL\u20104, \u20105, \u201010 and \u201013. Induction of IL\u20106, \u20108 and RANTES, but not IFN\u2010\u03b3 or IL\u201018, were shown to be dependent on virus replication. PHA induced all except IL\u201012, \u201013, and \u201015. Induction of IFN\u2010\u03b3, IL\u20106, \u20108, and RANTES was significantly increased in atopic children. Induction of both IFN\u2010\u03b3 andIL\u20104 increased in parallel in relation to age, with no change in the IFN\u2010\u03b3:IL\u20104 ratio.<\/jats:p><jats:p>These data are compatible with the hypothesis that immature type\u20101 immunity during early childhood plays a role in both respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis and in its relationship with atopy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.03.00087902","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,7,29]],"date-time":"2003-07-29T21:02:12Z","timestamp":1059512532000},"page":"317-322","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Cytokine production of RSV\/PHA\u2010stimulated tonsillar mononuclear cells: influences of age and atopy"],"prefix":"10.1183","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Ichinohe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I.R.","family":"Hussain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.L.","family":"Johnston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"81","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024101810240334000_22.2.317.1","unstructured":"National Institute of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)\/World Health Organisation. 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