{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T04:28:34Z","timestamp":1791347314871,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"European Respiratory Society (ERS)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Respir J"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,31]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Pyrazinamide (PZA) combined with either ethambutol (EMB) or a fluoroquinolone for 6\u201312 months is one of the treatments recommended for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in contacts exposed to multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). The aim of the present study was to describe the side effects related to combined PZA and EMB treatment given for LTBI, in contacts previously exposed to MDR-TB.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    In total, 12 consecutive contacts, all of African origin and aged 38\u00b15\u2005yrs, were treated with daily PZA (23\u00b14\u2005mg\u00b7kg\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) and EMB (17\u00b14\u2005mg\u00b7kg\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) at Geneva University Hospital outpatient clinic (Switzerland), as a result of contact-tracing procedures for two patients with contagious MDR-TB.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Clinical status and liver function tests (aspartate aminotransferase (ALAT) and alanine aminotransferase (ASAT)) were monitored monthly. In seven cases (58%) treatment was discontinued after a median of 119 days, due to hepatic toxicity in six cases (ALAT or ASAT elevation more than four times the upper normal limit), and gastrointestinal symptoms in one case.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>In conclusion, combined pyrazinamide and ethambutol for latent tuberculosis infection may be associated with a high risk of hepatic toxicity, and warrants close monitoring. There is clearly a need for alternative preventive treatments for contacts exposed to multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.05.00006205","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,31]],"date-time":"2005-08-31T14:57:42Z","timestamp":1125500262000},"page":"462-464","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":82,"title":["High hepatotoxicity of pyrazinamide and ethambutol for treatment of latent tuberculosis: Table. 1\u2014"],"prefix":"10.1183","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"A. 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