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Three-colour flow cytometry was performed to determine T-lymphocyte subsets in cell pellets of pleural effusion. The chemoattractant activity of IL-16 for CD4+ T-lymphocytes was also analysed.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The levels of IL-16 were significantly higher in tuberculous than in malignant effusions. However, IL-16 levels could not be used for diagnostic purposes due to significant overlap between the two groups. Positive correlations were found between the IL-16 levels and CD4+ T-cells, and pleural fluid was chemotactic for CD4+ T-cells<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. Intrapleural administration of IL-16 to patients produced a marked progressive influx of CD4+ T-cells into the pleural space.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Compared with malignant pleural effusion, interleukin-16 appeared to be increased in tuberculous pleural effusion. Interleukin-16 levels were positively related to the numbers of CD4+ T-cells, and interleukin-16 could directly induce CD4+ T-cell infiltration into the pleural space.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.05.00090804","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,3,31]],"date-time":"2005-03-31T18:23:29Z","timestamp":1112293409000},"page":"605-611","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Interleukin-16 in tuberculous and malignant pleural 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