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This article reviews the epidemiological link between the conditions, how tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment differ between HIV-infected<jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic>-uninfected individuals and the span of additional measures required to prevent and control HIV-related tuberculosis.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Tuberculosis chemotherapy using standard short-course regimens is highly effective in both groups, and treatment follows the same principles. It differs in certain aspects, such as when antiretroviral treatment should be started in HIV-infected individuals with tuberculosis and consideration of drug\u2013drug interactions between the rifamycins and certain antiretroviral drugs.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Control of HIV-related tuberculosis requires, fundamentally, control of HIV transmission. Meanwhile, it is necessary to make concentrated efforts to intensify high-quality tuberculosis services employing the directly observed treatment, short-course (DOTS) strategy, carry out extensive research towards an evidence-based model for the expanded scope of collaborative tuberculosis and HIV\/AIDS interventions, and ensure efficient implementation of the findings and recommended policies.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The challenge is gigantic, and both robust within-country and international leadership and competent management capabilities will be required, in addition to substantial human and financial resources.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.05.10090404","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,3,31]],"date-time":"2005-03-31T18:23:29Z","timestamp":1112293409000},"page":"751-757","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Should tuberculosis treatment and control be addressed differently in HIV-infected and -uninfected individuals?"],"prefix":"10.1183","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"R. 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