{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T14:39:42Z","timestamp":1761662382272,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"European Respiratory Society (ERS)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Respir J"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,8]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Tuberculosis (TB) outbreaks present a public health challenge. Six cases of active TB emerged in a boarding school in Israel during 1\u2005yr. An epidemiological outbreak investigation was performed, followed by implementation of control measures.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The investigation included interviews, tuberculin skin test (TST) and chest radiographs of the students. Close contact (n\u200a=\u200a155) was defined as being in the same class or dormitory with a patient. Remote contact (n\u200a=\u200a246) was defined as being in the school.<\/jats:p><jats:p>An epidemiological association was detected among five of the cases and a distinct pattern was found in molecular analysis. TST was performed in 398 (99.2%) students. Repeated (two-step) TST was applied to the close contacts. The degree of contact, country of origin and previous bacille Calmette\u2013Gu\u00e9rin vaccination were significantly associated with TST reactions. Preventive directly observed therapy was completed by 157 (91.3%) students. During 5\u2005yrs follow-up, no additional cases emerged.<\/jats:p><jats:p>While investigating a tuberculosis outbreak, the definition of degree of contact is a significant predictor for detecting positive tuberculin test. Immigration from an endemic country, as well as previous bacille Calmette\u2013Gu\u00e9rin vaccination have a major effect on tuberculin skin-test results. The directly observed therapy approach was found to be successful in preventing further morbidity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.06.00002506","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,29]],"date-time":"2006-06-29T00:38:48Z","timestamp":1151541528000},"page":"986-991","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Tuberculosis outbreak among students in a boarding school"],"prefix":"10.1183","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"C.","family":"Stein-Zamir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Volovik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Rishpon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Atamna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Lavy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Weiler-Ravell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"81","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024102019042567000_28.5.986.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/S0882-0546(03)00074-4"},{"key":"2024102019042567000_28.5.986.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268800051499","volume":"113","year":"1994","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"2024102019042567000_28.5.986.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(97)70034-9"},{"key":"2024102019042567000_28.5.986.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a117035","volume":"139","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2024102019042567000_28.5.986.5","first-page":"R113","volume":"7","year":"1997","journal-title":"Common Dis Rep CDR Rev"},{"key":"2024102019042567000_28.5.986.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.93.04070778","volume":"4","year":"1991","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"2024102019042567000_28.5.986.7","first-page":"226","volume":"141","year":"2002","journal-title":"Harefuah"},{"key":"2024102019042567000_28.5.986.8","first-page":"288","volume":"27","year":"1991","journal-title":"Isr J Med Sci"},{"key":"2024102019042567000_28.5.986.9","first-page":"250","volume":"141","year":"2002","journal-title":"Harefuah"},{"key":"2024102019042567000_28.5.986.10","first-page":"265","volume":"141","year":"2002","journal-title":"Harefuah"},{"key":"2024102019042567000_28.5.986.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.31.2.406-409.1993","volume":"31","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2024102019042567000_28.5.986.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.161.supplement_3.ats600"},{"key":"2024102019042567000_28.5.986.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.161.4.16141"},{"key":"2024102019042567000_28.5.986.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.113.6.e514"},{"key":"2024102019042567000_28.5.986.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.3.1175-1177.2001"},{"key":"2024102019042567000_28.5.986.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200306-856OC"},{"key":"2024102019042567000_28.5.986.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.5.1861-1868.2003"},{"key":"2024102019042567000_28.5.986.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax.58.7.618"},{"key":"2024102019042567000_28.5.986.19","first-page":"6","volume":"80","year":"2002","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"2024102019042567000_28.5.986.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2003.011759"},{"key":"2024102019042567000_28.5.986.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.287.8.996"},{"key":"2024102019042567000_28.5.986.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000112357.44219.6a","volume":"23","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatr Infec Dis J"},{"key":"2024102019042567000_28.5.986.23","first-page":"63","volume":"29","year":"2001","journal-title":"Public Health Rev"},{"key":"2024102019042567000_28.5.986.24","first-page":"49","volume":"54","year":"2005","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"key":"2024102019042567000_28.5.986.25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.74.12.1353","volume":"74","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"2024102019042567000_28.5.986.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.159.1.9801120"},{"key":"2024102019042567000_28.5.986.27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1097\/00124784-200407000-00007","volume":"10","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Public Health Manag Pract"},{"key":"2024102019042567000_28.5.986.28","first-page":"1","volume":"54","year":"2005","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"}],"container-title":["European Respiratory Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1183\/09031936.06.00002506","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,24]],"date-time":"2025-02-24T05:58:13Z","timestamp":1740376693000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.ersnet.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.1183\/09031936.06.00002506"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,28]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,30]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1183\/09031936.06.00002506"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/09031936.06.00002506","relation":{},"ISSN":["0903-1936","1399-3003"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0903-1936"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1399-3003"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,28]]}}}