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There were no independent associations with total cholesterol, triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol serum levels. During follow-up (6 months) with effective bilevel or continuous positive airway pressure therapy in 127 patients (lipoproteins: n\u200a=\u200a86) without change in their lipid lowering therapy, the mean HDL-C serum level increased significantly by 5.8% from 46.9\u00b115.8 to 49.6\u00b115.3\u2005mg\u00b7dL<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>(mean\u00b1<jats:sub>SD<\/jats:sub>).<\/jats:p><jats:p>An independent relationship was found between the change of apnoea\u2013hypopnoea index and the change of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol or triglycerides, respectively. All patients with abnormal serum lipid\/lipoprotein levels improved significantly under bilevel or continuous positive airway pressure therapy. 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