{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T00:22:10Z","timestamp":1791073330681,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"European Respiratory Society (ERS)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Respir J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), the progression of pulmonary disease differs considerably, even in identical cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator-genotypes which could reflect an additional influence of the host's immune response. This study therefore measured cytokine expression patterns in CF patients with different clinical presentation. Expression of interleukin (IL)-8, interferon gamma (IFN-gamma), IL-4, IL-10, and transforming growth factor (TGF)beta(I) was assessed in bronchial mucosal biopsies of eight CF patients with acute exacerbation (age 6.0-14.2 yrs), eight CF patients with chronic stable disease (age 7.3-17.4 yrs), and in five normal control subjects by semiquantitative and quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction combined with histopathological assessment and immunohistochemical staining. All CF patients expressed IL-8. In acute exacerbation, expression of TGF-beta1 and IFN-gamma was either absent or extremely low. In contrast, all patients with stable disease strongly expressed TGF-beta1. The highest expression of TGF-beta1 and IFN-gamma was found in CF patients with mild disease and a history of infrequent exacerbations. No correlation was found between the expression of IL-4 and IL-10 and patient history. In normal control subjects, only a weak expression of TGF-beta1 was observed. These results show a remarkable correlation between cytokine pattern and the clinical course of cystic fibrosis. High expression of transforming growth factor-beta1 and interferon gamma was associated with mild disease, whereas no or very weak expression of these cytokines was typical for patients with acute disease and frequent exacerbations suggesting a contribution of the immune response to the progression of pulmonary disease in cystic fibrosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.99.14511369","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T12:37:15Z","timestamp":1027773435000},"page":"1136-1144","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["Cytokine expression in bronchial biopsies of cystic fibrosis patients with and without acute exacerbation"],"prefix":"10.1183","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"C","family":"Wojnarowski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T","family":"Frischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Hofbauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Grabner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W","family":"Mosgoeller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I","family":"Eichler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Ziesche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"81","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1999,11,1]]},"container-title":["European Respiratory Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1183\/09031936.99.14511369","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,24]],"date-time":"2025-02-24T07:14:29Z","timestamp":1740381269000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.ersnet.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.1183\/09031936.99.14511369"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,11,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1999,11,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,11,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1183\/09031936.99.14511369"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/09031936.99.14511369","relation":{},"ISSN":["0903-1936","1399-3003"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0903-1936","type":"print"},{"value":"1399-3003","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,11,1]]}}}