{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T08:46:05Z","timestamp":1790239565349,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"European Respiratory Society (ERS)","issue":"132","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Respir Rev"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,2]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is traditionally staged with terms such as \u201cmild\u201d, \u201csevere\u201d, \u201cearly\u201d and \u201cadvanced\u201d based on pulmonary function tests. This approach allows physicians to monitor disease progression and advise patients and their families. However, it is not known if the stages of this model reflect distinct biological or clinical phenotypes and the therapeutic and prognostic value of this system is limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Novel methods of IPF staging have recently been developed. The GAP model includes four baseline variables that were found to be predictive of outcome, as identified by logistic regression. These factors are: gender (G), age (A) and two lung physiology variables (P) (forced vital capacity and diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide). The clinical utility and accuracy of staging models may be further improved in the future by the integration of dynamic parameters that can be measured over time, as well as biological data from biomarkers which may be able to directly measure disease activity. The development of an evidence-based, multidimensional IPF staging model that builds on the current staging approaches to IPF is an important objective for improving the management of IPF.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1183\/09059180.00002114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,31]],"date-time":"2014-05-31T20:23:21Z","timestamp":1401567801000},"page":"220-224","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":81,"title":["Staging of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: past, present and future"],"prefix":"10.1183","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Martin","family":"Kolb","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harold R.","family":"Collard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"81","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025042406103124000_23.132.220.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.2009-040GL"},{"key":"2025042406103124000_23.132.220.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.09-1002"},{"key":"2025042406103124000_23.132.220.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201006-0894CI"},{"key":"2025042406103124000_23.132.220.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200703-463PP"},{"key":"2025042406103124000_23.132.220.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1984.03340290051021"},{"key":"2025042406103124000_23.132.220.6","unstructured":"Goldstraw P . International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer Staging Manual In Thoracic Oncology. 1st Edn. Orange Park, Editorial Rx Press, 2009."},{"key":"2025042406103124000_23.132.220.7","unstructured":"World Health Organization. WHO case definitions of HIV for surveillance and revised clinical staging and immunological classification of HIV-related disease in adults and children. Geneva, WHO, 2007."},{"key":"2025042406103124000_23.132.220.8","unstructured":"Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 2013. www.goldcopd.org\/uploads\/users\/files\/GOLD_Report_2013_Feb20.pdf Date last updated: December 2013. Date last accessed: January 17, 2014."},{"key":"2025042406103124000_23.132.220.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-6-98"},{"key":"2025042406103124000_23.132.220.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200211-1311OC"},{"key":"2025042406103124000_23.132.220.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200209-1112OC"},{"key":"2025042406103124000_23.132.220.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200210-1245OC"},{"key":"2025042406103124000_23.132.220.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.164.7.2003140"},{"key":"2025042406103124000_23.132.220.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60405-4"},{"key":"2025042406103124000_23.132.220.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1103690"},{"key":"2025042406103124000_23.132.220.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200705-732OC"},{"key":"2025042406103124000_23.132.220.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201011-1874OC"},{"key":"2025042406103124000_23.132.220.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1113354"},{"key":"2025042406103124000_23.132.220.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.164.1.2007077"},{"key":"2025042406103124000_23.132.220.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2004.035436"},{"key":"2025042406103124000_23.132.220.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201011-1790OC"},{"key":"2025042406103124000_23.132.220.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-156-10-201205150-00004"},{"key":"2025042406103124000_23.132.220.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2463062200"},{"key":"2025042406103124000_23.132.220.24","first-page":"2","article-title":"Progressive worsening of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. High resolution computed tomography (HRCT) study with functional correlations","volume":"105","author":"Battista","year":"2003","journal-title":"Radiol Med"},{"key":"2025042406103124000_23.132.220.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201101-0058OC"},{"key":"2025042406103124000_23.132.220.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCP.0b013e328356d03c"}],"container-title":["European Respiratory Review"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1183\/09059180.00002114","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T09:11:10Z","timestamp":1745485870000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.ersnet.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.1183\/09059180.00002114"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,31]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"132","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,31]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1183\/09059180.00002114"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/09059180.00002114","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.718464822.793518535","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0905-9180","1600-0617"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0905-9180","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0617","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,31]]}}}