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We aimed to identify nasopharyngeal microbiota profiles and link these profiles to acute severity in infants hospitalised for bronchiolitis.<\/jats:p><jats:p>We conducted a multicentre prospective cohort study of 1005 infants (age &lt;1\u2005year) hospitalised for bronchiolitis over three winters, 2011\u20132014. By applying a 16S rRNA gene sequence and clustering approach to the nasopharyngeal aspirates collected within 24\u2005h of hospitalisation, we determined nasopharyngeal microbiota profiles and their association with bronchiolitis severity. The primary outcome was intensive care use,<jats:italic>i.e.<\/jats:italic>admission to an intensive care unit or use of mechanical ventilation.<\/jats:p><jats:p>We identified four nasopharyngeal microbiota profiles: three profiles were dominated by one of<jats:italic>Haemophilus<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Moraxella<\/jats:italic>or<jats:italic>Streptococcus,<\/jats:italic>while the fourth profile had the highest bacterial richness. The rate of intensive care use was highest in infants with a<jats:italic>Haemophilus<\/jats:italic>-dominant profile and lowest in those with a<jats:italic>Moraxella<\/jats:italic>-dominant profile (20.2%<jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic>12.3%; unadjusted OR 1.81, 95% CI 1.07\u20133.11, p=0.03). After adjusting for 11 patient-level confounders, the rate remained significantly higher in infants with<jats:italic>Haemophilus<\/jats:italic>-dominant profiles (OR 1.98, 95% CI 1.08\u20133.62, p=0.03). These findings were externally validated in a separate cohort of 307 children hospitalised for bronchiolitis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00152-2016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,7]],"date-time":"2016-10-07T01:59:46Z","timestamp":1475805586000},"page":"1329-1339","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/ers-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":169,"title":["Association of nasopharyngeal microbiota profiles with bronchiolitis severity in infants hospitalised for bronchiolitis"],"prefix":"10.1183","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5739-7999","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kohei","family":"Hasegawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan M.","family":"Mansbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadim 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