{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T10:56:38Z","timestamp":1791543398786,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"European Respiratory Society (ERS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007509","name":"Sociedad Espa\u00f1ola de Neumolog\u00eda y Cirug\u00eda Tor\u00e1cica","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Becas SEPAR 2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Becas SEPAR 2023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007509","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100022923","name":"Ministerio de Cultura y Deporte","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EXP_75043"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EXP_75043"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100022923","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["publications.ersnet.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur Respir J"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While high-intensity interval training (HIIT) has shown effectiveness in improving cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) across various chronic respiratory diseases, its impacts on individuals with post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans (PIBO) remain unexplored. Our aim was to assess the effects of a home-based, remotely supervised, HIIT programme on CRF, clinical and functional variables in patients with PIBO.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Participants of this assessor-blinded, multicentre, randomised controlled trial were individuals with PIBO aged 6\u201320\u2005years. An exercise (EXE) group underwent two 40-min sessions of HIIT remotely supervised in real time per week. Sessions were continued for 16\u2005weeks. The control (CON) group adhered to general physical activity recommendations. The primary outcome was peak oxygen uptake (\n                      <jats:italic>V\u0307<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>\n                        O\n                        <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      <\/jats:sub>\n                      <jats:sub>peak<\/jats:sub>\n                      ), time to first ventilatory threshold (VT\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      ), percentage of\n                      <jats:italic>V\u0307<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>\n                        O\n                        <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      <\/jats:sub>\n                      at VT\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      and ventilatory equivalent for carbon dioxide, determined\n                      <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic>\n                      cardiopulmonary exercise testing on a treadmill. Secondary outcomes were lung function (spirometry), muscle strength (dynamometry), functional capacity (30-s sit-to-stand (30s-STS) test), body mass index and St George's Respiratory Questionnaire score.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      51 PIBO patients were enrolled (EXE group n=25; CON group n=26) (49% females; mean\u00b1\n                      <jats:sc>sd<\/jats:sc>\n                      age 13.3\u00b14.2\u2005years; forced expiratory volume in 1\u2005s \u22123.56\u00b11.28 (z-score);\n                      <jats:italic>V\u0307<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>\n                        O\n                        <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      <\/jats:sub>\n                      <jats:sub>peak<\/jats:sub>\n                      36.8\u00b18.6\u2005mL\u00b7kg\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u00b7min\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      ). The HIIT intervention resulted in improvements in\n                      <jats:italic>V\u0307<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>\n                        O\n                        <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      <\/jats:sub>\n                      <jats:sub>peak<\/jats:sub>\n                      (mean difference 3.39\u2005mL\u00b7kg\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u00b7min\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      ; p=0.04), time to VT\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      (mean difference 1.05\u2005min; p=0.04) and number of repetitions in the 30s-STS test (mean difference 2.21 repetitions; p=0.04). No differences were found in the other variables.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our real-time, remotely supervised HIIT intervention was effective at significantly increasing CRF and functional capacity in children and adolescents with PIBO.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00265-2026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T15:20:16Z","timestamp":1780586416000},"page":"2600265","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/ers-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Home-based, remotely supervised, high-intensity interval training and cardiorespiratory fitness in children and adolescents with post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans: a randomised controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1183","volume":"68","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1924-1571","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernanda","family":"Salazar-P\u00e9rez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3368-8393","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ver\u00f3nica","family":"Sanz-Santiago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1418-4563","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"In\u00e9s","family":"de Mir-Messa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1567-9824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olaia","family":"Sard\u00f3n Prado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5197-6618","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erika","family":"Rezola Arcelus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8661-7033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula","family":"Corcuera Elosegui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6224-1561","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"de Manuel G\u00f3mez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0471-2991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"D\u00edez Izquierdo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-8816-9451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amanda","family":"Ferrer Barber\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2961-9328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Blanco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0589-8617","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Amor-Barbosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1073-7298","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tamara","family":"Iturriaga Ram\u00edrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4032-1429","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandro","family":"L\u00f3pez-Neyra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7240-2082","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margarita","family":"P\u00e9rez Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8836-9109","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00e1rcio Vin\u00edcius Fagundes","family":"Donadio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"81","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026100903351015000_68.4.2600265.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.21080"},{"key":"2026100903351015000_68.4.2600265.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.20984"},{"key":"2026100903351015000_68.4.2600265.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-018-1377-3"},{"key":"2026100903351015000_68.4.2600265.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.22929","article-title":"Exercise capacity in adolescent and adult patients with post infectious bronchiolitis obliterans","volume":"49","author":"Frohlich","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"key":"2026100903351015000_68.4.2600265.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00181-2025"},{"key":"2026100903351015000_68.4.2600265.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200011000-00022"},{"key":"2026100903351015000_68.4.2600265.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2466-12-23"},{"key":"2026100903351015000_68.4.2600265.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1590\/1984-0462\/;2019;37;2;00017","article-title":"Exercise capacity in children and adolescents with post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans: a systematic review","volume":"37","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rev Paul Pediatr"},{"key":"2026100903351015000_68.4.2600265.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2003.83"},{"key":"2026100903351015000_68.4.2600265.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6855","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19116855","article-title":"Effects of different types of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on endurance and strength parameters in children and adolescents","volume":"19","author":"Bossmann","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"2026100903351015000_68.4.2600265.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2329","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-025-05778-2","article-title":"Children's V\u0307O2max trainability deficit: a quantitative analysis and a qualitative hypothesis","volume":"125","author":"Dotan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"2026100903351015000_68.4.2600265.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2363","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-017-0753-8","article-title":"High-intensity interval training interventions in children and adolescents: a systematic review","volume":"47","author":"Eddolls","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"2026100903351015000_68.4.2600265.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1544","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20021544","article-title":"Benefits in cardiac function from a remote exercise program in children with obesity","volume":"20","author":"Mannarino","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"2026100903351015000_68.4.2600265.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4459","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13124459","article-title":"Combatting sedentary behaviors by delivering remote physical exercise in children and adolescents with obesity in the COVID-19 era: a narrative review","volume":"13","author":"Vandoni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2026100903351015000_68.4.2600265.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychsport.2018.01.004","article-title":"Predicting exercise motivation and exercise behavior: a moderated mediation model testing the interaction between perceived exercise variety and basic psychological needs satisfaction","volume":"36","author":"Sylvester","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychol Sport Exerc"},{"key":"2026100903351015000_68.4.2600265.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18042023"},{"key":"2026100903351015000_68.4.2600265.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e081123","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2024-081123","article-title":"CONSORT 2025 statement: updated guideline for reporting randomised trials","volume":"22","author":"Hopewell","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2026100903351015000_68.4.2600265.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2016-096651"},{"key":"2026100903351015000_68.4.2600265.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2020-102955"},{"key":"2026100903351015000_68.4.2600265.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010"},{"key":"2026100903351015000_68.4.2600265.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0101-2018"},{"key":"2026100903351015000_68.4.2600265.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/ANNALSATS.201611-912FR\/SUPPL_FILE\/DISCLOSURES.PDF"},{"key":"2026100903351015000_68.4.2600265.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01499-2021"},{"key":"2026100903351015000_68.4.2600265.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00080312"},{"key":"2026100903351015000_68.4.2600265.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PEP.0b013e318172432d"},{"key":"2026100903351015000_68.4.2600265.26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2020.09.017","article-title":"Sit-to-stand test in children with bronchiectasis: does it measure functional exercise capacity?","volume":"49","author":"Zeren","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heart Lung"},{"key":"2026100903351015000_68.4.2600265.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001120170107"},{"key":"2026100903351015000_68.4.2600265.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.96.09061160"},{"key":"2026100903351015000_68.4.2600265.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00460-2021"},{"key":"2026100903351015000_68.4.2600265.30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1590\/S1135-57272009000300008","article-title":"Fiabilidad y validez del cuestionario de actividad f\u00edsica PAQ-A en adolescentes espa\u00f1oles. [Reliability and validity of the PAQ-A questionnaire to assess physical activity in Spanish adolescents.]","volume":"83","author":"Mart\u00ednez-G\u00f3mez","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rev Esp Salud Publica"},{"key":"2026100903351015000_68.4.2600265.31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-021-01323-9","article-title":"Statistical analysis of two arm randomized pre-post designs with one post-treatment measurement","volume":"21","author":"Wan","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"key":"2026100903351015000_68.4.2600265.32","unstructured":"R Foundation for Statistical Computing . R: The R Project for Statistical Computing. 2022. www.r-project.org Date last accessed: 28 September 2022."},{"key":"2026100903351015000_68.4.2600265.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2023-107849"},{"key":"2026100903351015000_68.4.2600265.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2024-109184"},{"key":"2026100903351015000_68.4.2600265.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.06185"},{"key":"2026100903351015000_68.4.2600265.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.22878"},{"key":"2026100903351015000_68.4.2600265.37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201806-1110OC","article-title":"Cardiopulmonary exercise testing provides additional prognostic information in cystic fibrosis","volume":"199","author":"Hebestreit","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026100903351015000_68.4.2600265.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007651.pub3"},{"key":"2026100903351015000_68.4.2600265.39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1080\/01942638.2025.2469567","article-title":"The effects of telerehabilitation versus home-based exercise on muscle function, physical activity, and sleep in children with cystic fibrosis: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"45","author":"Kilic","year":"2025","journal-title":"Phys Occup Ther Pediatr"},{"key":"2026100903351015000_68.4.2600265.40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2017.01.012","article-title":"The 1-min sit-to-stand test in cystic fibrosis \u2013 insights into cardiorespiratory responses","volume":"16","author":"Radtke","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Cyst Fibros"},{"key":"2026100903351015000_68.4.2600265.41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2067","DOI":"10.1080\/09593985.2025.2494114","article-title":"The 1-minute sit-to-stand test in children with cystic fibrosis: cardiorespiratory responses and correlations with aerobic fitness, nutritional status, pulmonary function, and quadriceps strength","volume":"41","author":"dos Santos Costa","year":"2025","journal-title":"Physiother Theory Pract"},{"key":"2026100903351015000_68.4.2600265.42","first-page":"100777","article-title":"One-minute sit-to-stand test as an alternative tool to assess the quadriceps muscle strength in children","volume":"78","author":"Reychler","year":"2020","journal-title":"Respir Med Res"},{"key":"2026100903351015000_68.4.2600265.43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00131612"},{"key":"2026100903351015000_68.4.2600265.44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2019.04.012","article-title":"Low muscle mass and strength in pediatrics patients: why should we care?","volume":"38","author":"Orsso","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2026100903351015000_68.4.2600265.45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17477160600962864"},{"key":"2026100903351015000_68.4.2600265.46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14564","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.14564","article-title":"Effects of a remotely supervised resistance training program on muscle strength and body composition in adults with cystic fibrosis: randomized controlled trial","volume":"34","author":"Sosa-Pedreschi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"key":"2026100903351015000_68.4.2600265.47","first-page":"CD002768","article-title":"Physical activity and exercise training in cystic fibrosis","volume":"8","author":"Radtke","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2026100903351015000_68.4.2600265.48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14799731211041506","DOI":"10.1177\/14799731211041506","article-title":"Effect of interval compared to continuous exercise training on physiological responses in patients with chronic respiratory diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"18","author":"Alexiou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chron Respir Dis"},{"key":"2026100903351015000_68.4.2600265.49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2037","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000002680","article-title":"High-intensity interval training in patients with pulmonary embolism: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"53","author":"Ghram","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"2026100903351015000_68.4.2600265.50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2013.06.005","article-title":"Interval exercise training in cystic fibrosis \u2013 effects on exercise capacity in severely affected adults","volume":"13","author":"Gruber","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Cyst Fibros"}],"container-title":["European Respiratory Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1183\/13993003.00265-2026","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T10:35:25Z","timestamp":1791542125000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.ersnet.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.1183\/13993003.00265-2026"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1183\/13993003.00265-2026"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/13993003.00265-2026","relation":{},"ISSN":["0903-1936","1399-3003"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0903-1936","type":"print"},{"value":"1399-3003","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]]}}}