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Cellular composition was assessed by flow cytometry, gene expression was analysed by RNA sequencing and Th2, Type 17 T-helper cell (Th17) and interferon (IFN) signatures were derived from the literature.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Infiltration by polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) in the nose excluded 30% of the initial cohort. All bronchial samples from the AR group were Th2-high. The gene expression profile of nasal samples from the AR group correctly predicted the paired bronchial sample Th2 status in 71% of cases. Nevertheless, nasal cells did not appear to be a reliable surrogate for the Th2 response, in particular due to a more robust influence of the IFN response in 14 out of 26 nasal samples. The Th2 scores in the nose and bronchi correlated with mast cell count (both p&lt;0.001) and number of sensitisations (p=0.006 and 0.002), while the Th17 scores correlated with PMN count (p=0.006 and 0.003).<\/jats:p><jats:p>The large variability in nasal cell composition and type of inflammation restricts its use as a surrogate for assessing bronchial Th2 inflammation in AR patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00437-2018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,6]],"date-time":"2018-09-06T12:09:35Z","timestamp":1536235775000},"page":"1800437","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/ers-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["The \u201cone airway, one disease\u201d concept in light of Th2 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