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We used cohort-specific spatio-temporal models to estimate ambient pollution (fine particulate matter (PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>), nitrogen oxides (NO<jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub>), nitrogen dioxide (NO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) and ozone (O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>)) at each home. A total of 5495 participants underwent serial assessment of HAAs by cardiac CT; 2671 participants were assessed for ILAs using full lung CT at the 10-year follow-up. We used multivariable logistic regression and linear mixed models adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, education, tobacco use, scanner technology and study site.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The odds of ILAs increased 1.77-fold per 40\u2005ppb increment in NO<jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub>(95% CI 1.06 to 2.95, p\u2005=\u20050.03). There was an overall trend towards an association between higher exposure to NO<jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub>and greater progression of HAAs (0.45% annual increase in HAAs per 40\u2005ppb increment in NO<jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub>; 95% CI \u22120.02 to 0.92, p\u2005=\u20050.06). Associations of ambient fine particulate matter (PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>), NO<jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub>and NO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>concentrations with progression of HAAs varied by race\/ethnicity (p\u2005=\u20050.002, 0.007, 0.04, respectively, for interaction) and were strongest among non-Hispanic white people.<\/jats:p><jats:p>We conclude that ambient air pollution exposures were associated with subclinical ILD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00559-2017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,19]],"date-time":"2017-12-19T12:33:51Z","timestamp":1513686831000},"page":"1700559","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/ers-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":121,"title":["Air pollution and subclinical interstitial lung disease: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) air\u2013lung study"],"prefix":"10.1183","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Coralynn","family":"Sack","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sverre","family":"Vedal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lianne","family":"Sheppard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ganesh","family":"Raghu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. 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