{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T04:26:18Z","timestamp":1792124778725,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"European Respiratory Society (ERS)","issue":"3","funder":[{"name":"Hellenic Thoracic Society"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["publications.ersnet.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur Respir J"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,9]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study we investigated the implication of NLRP3 inflammasomes in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and rheumatoid arthritis\u2013usual interstitial pneumonia (RA-UIP).<\/jats:p><jats:p>NLRP3 inflammasome activation at baseline and following stimulation with lipopolysaccharide\/ATP was evaluated by measuring interleukin (IL)-1\u03b2 and IL-18 levels released in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) fluid and by cultures of BALF cells. IL-1\u03b2 and IL-18 levels were significantly elevated in the BALF and BALF macrophage cultures from RA-UIP patients, consistent with pre-existing inflammasome activation in these patients. In contrast, in IPF, BALF levels of IL-1\u03b2 were significantly less elevated relative to RA-UIP and IL-18 was lower than controls. Furthermore, upon inflammasome stimulation, IPF BALF macrophage cultures failed to upregulate IL-1\u03b2 and partly IL-18 secretion, in contrast to controls, which showed robust IL-1\u03b2 and IL-18 upregulation. Interestingly, RA-UIP BALF cell cultures treated with lipopolysaccharide\/ATP showed a potent stimulation of IL-18 secretion but not IL-1\u03b2, the latter being already elevated in the unstimulated cultures, while examination of the intracellular IL-1\u03b2 levels in RA-UIP BALF cells upon NLRP3 inflammasome stimulation showed a significant upregulation of IL-1\u03b2 suggesting the NLRP3 pathway could be further activated.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Taken together, our results suggest distinct inflammasome activation profiles between autoimmune and idiopathic lung fibrosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00564-2015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,8]],"date-time":"2016-01-08T03:23:58Z","timestamp":1452223438000},"page":"910-918","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/ers-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":113,"title":["NLRP3 inflammasome expression in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and rheumatoid 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