{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T23:09:37Z","timestamp":1790636977358,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"European Respiratory Society (ERS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,26]],"date-time":"2019-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569456000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.ersjournals.com\/user-licence"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008593","name":"European Respiratory Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001465","name":"American Thoracic Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001465","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["publications.ersnet.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur Respir J"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,8]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    This document provides clinical recommendations for the management of severe asthma. Comprehensive evidence syntheses, including meta-analyses, were performed to summarise all available evidence relevant to the European Respiratory Society\/American Thoracic Society Task Force's questions. The evidence was appraised using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation) approach and the results were summarised in evidence profiles. The evidence syntheses were discussed and recommendations formulated by a multidisciplinary Task Force of asthma experts, who made specific recommendations on six specific questions. After considering the balance of desirable and undesirable consequences, quality of evidence, feasibility, and acceptability of various interventions, the Task Force made the following recommendations: 1) suggest using anti-interleukin (IL)-5 and anti-IL-5 receptor \u03b1 for severe uncontrolled adult eosinophilic asthma phenotypes; 2) suggest using a blood eosinophil cut-point \u2265150\u2005\u03bcL\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    to guide anti-IL-5 initiation in adult patients with severe asthma; 3) suggest considering specific eosinophil (\u2265260\u2005\u03bcL\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) and exhaled nitric oxide fraction (\u226519.5\u2005ppb) cut-offs to identify adolescents or adults with the greatest likelihood of response to anti-IgE therapy; 4) suggest using inhaled tiotropium for adolescents and adults with severe uncontrolled asthma despite Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) step 4\u20135 or National Asthma Education and Prevention Program (NAEPP) step 5 therapies; 5) suggest a trial of chronic macrolide therapy to reduce asthma exacerbations in persistently symptomatic or uncontrolled patients on GINA step 5 or NAEPP step 5 therapies, irrespective of asthma phenotype; and 6) suggest using anti-IL-4\/13 for adult patients with severe eosinophilic asthma and for those with severe corticosteroid-dependent asthma regardless of blood eosinophil levels. These recommendations should be reconsidered as new evidence becomes available.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00588-2019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,26]],"date-time":"2019-09-26T14:36:18Z","timestamp":1569508578000},"page":"1900588","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/ers-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":554,"title":["Management of severe asthma: a European Respiratory Society\/American Thoracic Society guideline"],"prefix":"10.1183","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0979-8234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Holguin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9731-4828","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Carlos","family":"Cardet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kian Fan","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Diver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diogenes S.","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Fitzpatrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9949-6012","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mina","family":"Gaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6115-4343","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liz","family":"Kellermeyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandhya","family":"Khurana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shandra","family":"Knight","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa M.","family":"McDonald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca L.","family":"Morgan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor E.","family":"Ortega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Rigau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Padmaja","family":"Subbarao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomy","family":"Tonia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian M.","family":"Adcock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugene R.","family":"Bleecker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Brightling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louis-Philippe","family":"Boulet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Cabana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pascal","family":"Chanez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adnan","family":"Custovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ratko","family":"Djukanovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Urs","family":"Frey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Betty","family":"Frankem\u00f6lle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5865-489X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Gibson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8464-0547","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominique","family":"Hamerlijnck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nizar","family":"Jarjour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Konno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huahao","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cathy","family":"Vitary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andy","family":"Bush","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"81","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026061104550822000_55.1.1900588.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00202013"},{"key":"2026061104550822000_55.1.1900588.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39489.470347.AD"},{"key":"2026061104550822000_55.1.1900588.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00791-2016"},{"key":"2026061104550822000_55.1.1900588.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02265-2016"},{"key":"2026061104550822000_55.1.1900588.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3003.1999.14a06.x"},{"key":"2026061104550822000_55.1.1900588.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2004.10.008","article-title":"Measurement properties and interpretation of three shortened versions of the asthma control questionnaire","volume":"9","author":"Juniper","year":"2005","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"2026061104550822000_55.1.1900588.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(94)90036-1"},{"key":"2026061104550822000_55.1.1900588.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1403291"},{"key":"2026061104550822000_55.1.1900588.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1403290"},{"key":"2026061104550822000_55.1.1900588.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(17)30125-X","article-title":"Efficacy of mepolizumab add-on therapy on health-related quality of life and markers of asthma control in severe eosinophilic asthma (MUSCA): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, multicentre, phase 3b trial","volume":"5","author":"Chupp","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"2026061104550822000_55.1.1900588.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.03.032"},{"key":"2026061104550822000_55.1.1900588.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201103-0396OC"},{"key":"2026061104550822000_55.1.1900588.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(15)00042-9","article-title":"Reslizumab for inadequately controlled asthma with elevated blood eosinophil counts: results from two multicentre, parallel, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trials","volume":"3","author":"Castro","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"2026061104550822000_55.1.1900588.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.03.018"},{"key":"2026061104550822000_55.1.1900588.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31324-1"},{"key":"2026061104550822000_55.1.1900588.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(14)70201-2","article-title":"Benralizumab, an anti-interleukin 5 receptor \u03b1 monoclonal antibody, versus placebo for uncontrolled eosinophilic asthma: a phase 2b randomised dose-ranging study","volume":"2","author":"Castro","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"2026061104550822000_55.1.1900588.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31322-8"},{"key":"2026061104550822000_55.1.1900588.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1703501"},{"key":"2026061104550822000_55.1.1900588.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000444799"},{"key":"2026061104550822000_55.1.1900588.20","unstructured":"Global Initiative for Asthma. Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention. 2019. http:\/\/ginasthma.org\/2019-gina-report-global-strategy-for-asthma-management-and-prevention Date last accessed: October 28, 2019."},{"key":"2026061104550822000_55.1.1900588.21","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Mepolizumab for Treating Severe Refractory Eosinophilic Asthma. TA431. 2017. www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/ta431 Date last accessed: October 1, 2019."},{"key":"2026061104550822000_55.1.1900588.22","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Reslizumab for Treating Severe Eosinophilic Asthma. TA479. 2017. www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/ta479 Date last accessed: October 1, 2019."},{"key":"2026061104550822000_55.1.1900588.23","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Benralizumab for Treating Severe Eosinophilic Asthma. TA565. 2019. www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/ta565 Date last accessed: October 1, 2019."},{"key":"2026061104550822000_55.1.1900588.24","unstructured":"Institute for Clinical and Economic Review. Biologic Therapies for Treatment of Asthma Associated with Type 2 Inflammation: Effectiveness, Value, and Value-Based Price Benchmarks. 2018. https:\/\/icer-review.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/ICER_Asthma_Draft_Report_092418v1.pdf Date last accessed: October 1, 2019."},{"key":"2026061104550822000_55.1.1900588.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0805435"},{"key":"2026061104550822000_55.1.1900588.26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(16)30031-5","article-title":"Severe eosinophilic asthma treated with mepolizumab stratified by baseline eosinophil thresholds: a secondary analysis of the DREAM and MENSA studies","volume":"4","author":"Ortega","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"2026061104550822000_55.1.1900588.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201707-1323OC"},{"key":"2026061104550822000_55.1.1900588.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2018.09.033"},{"key":"2026061104550822000_55.1.1900588.29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(18)30406-5","article-title":"Long-term safety and efficacy of benralizumab in patients with severe, uncontrolled asthma: 1-year results from the BORA phase 3 extension trial","volume":"7","author":"Busse","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"2026061104550822000_55.1.1900588.30","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Asthma: Diagnosis, Monitoring and Chronic Asthma Management. 2017. www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/ng80 Date last accessed: October 28, 2019."},{"key":"2026061104550822000_55.1.1900588.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2016.08.054"},{"key":"2026061104550822000_55.1.1900588.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201208-1414OC"},{"key":"2026061104550822000_55.1.1900588.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2013.02.032"},{"key":"2026061104550822000_55.1.1900588.34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.4168\/aair.2016.8.6.491","article-title":"Using periostin as a biomarker in the treatment of asthma","volume":"8","author":"Izuhara","year":"2016","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Immunol Res"},{"key":"2026061104550822000_55.1.1900588.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13302"},{"key":"2026061104550822000_55.1.1900588.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2001.117880"},{"key":"2026061104550822000_55.1.1900588.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.01.00092101"},{"key":"2026061104550822000_55.1.1900588.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02523-2017"},{"key":"2026061104550822000_55.1.1900588.39","unstructured":"British Thoracic Society, Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network. British Guideline on the Management of Asthma. SIGN 158. 2019. www.sign.ac.uk\/sign-158-british-guideline-on-the-management-of-asthma.html Date last accessed: October 28, 2019."},{"key":"2026061104550822000_55.1.1900588.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2011.04.039"},{"key":"2026061104550822000_55.1.1900588.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1208606"},{"key":"2026061104550822000_55.1.1900588.42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01100-2016"},{"key":"2026061104550822000_55.1.1900588.43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.04.013","article-title":"Efficacy, safety, and dose response of glycopyrronium administered by metered dose inhaler using co-suspension delivery technology in subjects with intermittent or mild-to-moderate persistent asthma: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"139","author":"Kerwin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"2026061104550822000_55.1.1900588.44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2014.10.009"},{"key":"2026061104550822000_55.1.1900588.45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2014.09.012"},{"key":"2026061104550822000_55.1.1900588.46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2013.08.003"},{"key":"2026061104550822000_55.1.1900588.47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2016.06.013","article-title":"Tiotropium improves lung function, exacerbation rate, and asthma control, independent of baseline characteristics including age, degree of airway obstruction, and allergic status","volume":"117","author":"Kerstjens","year":"2016","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"2026061104550822000_55.1.1900588.48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2017.01.014","article-title":"A phase III randomized controlled trial of tiotropium add-on therapy in children with severe symptomatic asthma","volume":"140","author":"Szefler","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2026061104550822000_55.1.1900588.49","unstructured":"National Asthma Education and Prevention Program. Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma. EPR-3. 2007. www.nhlbi.nih.gov\/health-topics\/guidelines-for-diagnosis-management-of-asthma Date last accessed: October 28, 2019."},{"key":"2026061104550822000_55.1.1900588.50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2012-202698"},{"key":"2026061104550822000_55.1.1900588.51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31281-3"},{"key":"2026061104550822000_55.1.1900588.52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2008.09.028"},{"key":"2026061104550822000_55.1.1900588.53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3122\/jabfm.2012.04.110309"},{"key":"2026061104550822000_55.1.1900588.54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2010.07.024"},{"key":"2026061104550822000_55.1.1900588.55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200707-1134OC"},{"key":"2026061104550822000_55.1.1900588.56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201809-1739OC"},{"key":"2026061104550822000_55.1.1900588.57","unstructured":"British Thoracic Society, Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network. 2016. British Guideline on the Management of Asthma. SIGN 153. www.brit-thoracic.org.uk\/quality-improvement\/guidelines\/asthma Date last accessed: October 28, 2019."},{"key":"2026061104550822000_55.1.1900588.58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30307-5"},{"key":"2026061104550822000_55.1.1900588.59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1804092"},{"key":"2026061104550822000_55.1.1900588.60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1804093"},{"key":"2026061104550822000_55.1.1900588.61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01444-2018"},{"key":"2026061104550822000_55.1.1900588.62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01359-2015"},{"key":"2026061104550822000_55.1.1900588.63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30879-6"},{"key":"2026061104550822000_55.1.1900588.64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02218-2018"},{"key":"2026061104550822000_55.1.1900588.65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1708208"},{"key":"2026061104550822000_55.1.1900588.66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00761-2017"},{"key":"2026061104550822000_55.1.1900588.67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2015-206800"},{"key":"2026061104550822000_55.1.1900588.68","unstructured":"Royal College of Physicians. National Review of Asthma Deaths 2012\u201313. 2015. www.rcplondon.ac.uk\/projects\/national-review-asthma-deaths Date last accessed: October 1, 2019."},{"key":"2026061104550822000_55.1.1900588.69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(17)30379-X","article-title":"Severe asthma: looking beyond the amount of medication","volume":"5","author":"Bush","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"2026061104550822000_55.1.1900588.70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(17)30238-2","article-title":"Strict adherence rules to obtain monoclonal therapy might cost lives","volume":"5","author":"Green","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"2026061104550822000_55.1.1900588.71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1819","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2016.09.022","article-title":"Intraepithelial neutrophils in pediatric severe asthma are associated with better lung function","volume":"139","author":"Andersson","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2026061104550822000_55.1.1900588.72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2012.01.059"},{"key":"2026061104550822000_55.1.1900588.73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02135-2016"},{"key":"2026061104550822000_55.1.1900588.74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2015.2"},{"key":"2026061104550822000_55.1.1900588.75","first-page":"CD003559","article-title":"Omalizumab for asthma in adults and children","volume":"1","author":"Normansell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2026061104550822000_55.1.1900588.76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.2500\/aap.2017.38.4067","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of omalizumab in children and adolescents with moderate-to-severe asthma: a systematic literature review","volume":"38","author":"Corren","year":"2017","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Proc"},{"key":"2026061104550822000_55.1.1900588.77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alit.2016.06.004","article-title":"Long-term safety, efficacy, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of omalizumab in children with severe uncontrolled asthma","volume":"66","author":"Odajima","year":"2017","journal-title":"Allergol Int"},{"key":"2026061104550822000_55.1.1900588.78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(19)30045-1","article-title":"Biologics for paediatric severe asthma: trick or TREAT?","volume":"7","author":"Saglani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"2026061104550822000_55.1.1900588.79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02250-2018"},{"key":"2026061104550822000_55.1.1900588.80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(18)30194-2","article-title":"Tralokinumab unsuccessful for management of severe, uncontrolled asthma","volume":"6","author":"Chung","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"2026061104550822000_55.1.1900588.81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00948-2018"},{"key":"2026061104550822000_55.1.1900588.82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(18)30201-7","article-title":"Effect of tralokinumab, an interleukin-13 neutralising monoclonal antibody, on eosinophilic airway inflammation in uncontrolled moderate-to-severe asthma (MESOS): a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial","volume":"6","author":"Russell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"2026061104550822000_55.1.1900588.83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(18)30184-X","article-title":"Tralokinumab for severe, uncontrolled asthma (STRATOS 1 and STRATOS 2): two randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 clinical trials","volume":"6","author":"Panettieri","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"2026061104550822000_55.1.1900588.84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(18)30291-1","article-title":"Urgent need for pragmatic trial platforms in severe asthma","volume":"6","author":"Pilette","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"2026061104550822000_55.1.1900588.85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2010.07.019"}],"container-title":["European Respiratory Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1183\/13993003.00588-2019","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T11:55:20Z","timestamp":1781178920000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.ersnet.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.1183\/13993003.00588-2019"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,26]]},"references-count":85,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,2]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1183\/13993003.00588-2019"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/13993003.00588-2019","relation":{},"ISSN":["0903-1936","1399-3003"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0903-1936","type":"print"},{"value":"1399-3003","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,26]]}}}