{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T13:57:31Z","timestamp":1778767051615,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"European Respiratory Society (ERS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,18]],"date-time":"2022-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660780800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["publications.ersnet.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur Respir J"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although a high prevalence of pulmonary embolism (PE) has been reported in association with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in critically ill patients, nationwide data on the outcome of hospitalised patients with COVID-19 and PE are still limited. Thus, we investigated seasonal trends and predictors of in-hospital death in patients with COVID-19 and PE in Germany.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We used a German nationwide inpatient sample to analyse data on hospitalisations among COVID-19 patients with and without PE during 2020, and to detect changes in PE prevalence and case fatality in comparison with 2019.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We analysed 176\u2009137 COVID-19 hospitalisations in 2020; PE was recorded in 1.9% (n=3362) of discharge certificates. Almost one-third of patients with COVID-19 and PE died during the in-hospital course (28.7%) compared with COVID-19 patients without PE (17.7%). Between 2019 and 2020, numbers of PE-related hospitalisations were largely unchanged (98\u2009485<jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic>97\u2009718), whereas the case fatality rate of PE increased slightly in 2020 (from 12.7% to 13.1%; p&lt;0.001). Differences in case fatality were found between PE patients with and without COVID-19 in 2020 (28.7%<jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic>12.5%; p&lt;0.001), corresponding to a 3.1-fold increased risk of PE-related death (OR 3.16, 95% CI 2.91\u20133.42; p&lt;0.001) in the presence of COVID-19.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In Germany, the prevalence of PE events during hospitalisations was similar in 2019 and 2020. However, the fatality rate among patients with both COVID-19 and PE was substantially higher than that in those with only one of these diseases, suggesting a life-threatening additive prognostic impact of the COVID-19\u2013PE combination.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00619-2022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,18]],"date-time":"2022-08-18T15:00:46Z","timestamp":1660834846000},"page":"2200619","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/ers-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["COVID-19 infection and its impact on case fatality in patients with pulmonary embolism"],"prefix":"10.1183","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4312-0366","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lukas","family":"Hobohm","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ingo","family":"Sagoschen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2618-347X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Barco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0586-6386","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ioannis T.","family":"Farmakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ugo","family":"Fedeli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Koelmel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tommaso","family":"Gori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Espinola-Klein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"M\u00fcnzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6359-7279","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stavros","family":"Konstantinides","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0820-9584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karsten","family":"Keller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"81","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024102103032045000_61.1.2200619.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2002032"},{"key":"2024102103032045000_61.1.2200619.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30183-5"},{"key":"2024102103032045000_61.1.2200619.3","unstructured":"Johns Hopkins University . 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