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Antiviral and anti-inflammatory activity of vitamin D was assessed. RV and LL-37 levels were measured in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of CF children infected with RV.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Vitamin D reduced RV16 load in a dose-dependent manner in CF cells (10<jats:sup>\u22127\u2005<\/jats:sup>M, p&lt;0.01). The antiviral response mediated by interferons remained unchanged by vitamin D in CF cells. Vitamin D did not exert anti-inflammatory properties in RV-infected CF cells. Vitamin D increased the expression of the antimicrobial peptide LL-37 up to 17.4-fold (p&lt;0.05). Addition of exogenous LL-37 decreased viral replication by 4.4-fold in CF cells (p&lt;0.05). An inverse correlation between viral load and LL-37 levels in CF BAL (r=\u22120.48, p&lt;0.05) was observed.<\/jats:p><jats:p>RV replication in primary CF bronchial cells was reduced by vitamin D through the induction of LL-37. Clinical studies are needed to determine the importance of an adequate control of vitamin D for prevention of virus-induced pulmonary CF exacerbations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00665-2015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,25]],"date-time":"2015-11-25T06:06:27Z","timestamp":1448431587000},"page":"520-530","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/ers-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":83,"title":["Vitamin D represses rhinovirus replication in cystic fibrosis cells by inducing LL-37"],"prefix":"10.1183","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Aline","family":"Sch\u00f6gler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo 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