{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T02:39:05Z","timestamp":1792291145081,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"European Respiratory Society (ERS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,8]],"date-time":"2020-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1586304000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FDN 332196"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FDN 332196"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["publications.ersnet.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur Respir J"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,25]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00688-2020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,9]],"date-time":"2020-04-09T00:25:21Z","timestamp":1586391921000},"page":"2000688","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/ers-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":660,"title":["ACE-2 expression in the small airway epithelia of smokers and COPD patients: implications for COVID-19"],"prefix":"10.1183","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Janice M.","family":"Leung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen X.","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Tam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tawimas","family":"Shaipanich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tillie-Louise","family":"Hackett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gurpreet K.","family":"Singhera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Delbert R.","family":"Dorscheid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Don D.","family":"Sin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"81","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024102101311765000_55.5.2000688.1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak. https:\/\/www.who.int\/emergencies\/diseases\/novel-coronavirus-2019\/events-as-they-happen Date last accessed: April 18, 2020."},{"key":"2024102101311765000_55.5.2000688.2","first-page":"708","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China","volume":"18","author":"Guan","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2024102101311765000_55.5.2000688.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2001316"},{"key":"2024102101311765000_55.5.2000688.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu Z , McGoogan JM . Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: summary of a report of 72 314 cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. JAMA 2020; in press [https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2020.2648].","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.2648"},{"key":"2024102101311765000_55.5.2000688.5","unstructured":"Coronavirus Worldometer. https:\/\/www.worldometers.info\/coronavirus\/ Date last accessed: April 18, 2020."},{"key":"2024102101311765000_55.5.2000688.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2012-7"},{"key":"2024102101311765000_55.5.2000688.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang D , Hu B , Hu C , et al. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA 2020; in press [https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2020.1585]. (doi: 10.1001\/jama.2020.1585).","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.1585"},{"key":"2024102101311765000_55.5.2000688.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201908-1590ST","article-title":"Standardization of spirometry 2019 update. An official American Thoracic Society and European Respiratory Society technical statement","volume":"200","author":"Graham","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2024102101311765000_55.5.2000688.9","unstructured":"Andrews S . (2010). FastQC: a quality control tool for high throughput sequence data. http:\/\/www.bioinformatics.babraham.ac.uk\/projects\/fastqc\/ Date last accessed: April 18, 2020."},{"key":"2024102101311765000_55.5.2000688.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bts635"},{"key":"2024102101311765000_55.5.2000688.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2014-15-2-r29"},{"key":"2024102101311765000_55.5.2000688.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17600","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-54051-y","article-title":"Widespread sexual dimorphism in the transcriptome of human airway epithelium in response to smoking","volume":"9","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2024102101311765000_55.5.2000688.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201002-0294OC"},{"key":"2024102101311765000_55.5.2000688.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201208-1449OC"},{"key":"2024102101311765000_55.5.2000688.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3353","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-40045-3","article-title":"Hedgehog signaling in the airway epithelium of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"9","author":"Tam","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2024102101311765000_55.5.2000688.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature00786"},{"key":"2024102101311765000_55.5.2000688.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(02)03640-2"},{"key":"2024102101311765000_55.5.2000688.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03712"},{"key":"2024102101311765000_55.5.2000688.19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.13379","article-title":"Alternative roles of STAT3 and MAPK signaling pathways in the MMPs activation and progression of lung injury induced by cigarette smoke exposure in ACE2 knockout mice","volume":"12","author":"Hung","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Biol Sci"},{"key":"2024102101311765000_55.5.2000688.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1468","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2015.04.010","article-title":"Role of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and ACE2 in a rat model of smoke inhalation induced acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"41","author":"Yilin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Burns"}],"container-title":["European Respiratory Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1183\/13993003.00688-2020","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,24]],"date-time":"2025-02-24T02:31:58Z","timestamp":1740364318000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.ersnet.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.1183\/13993003.00688-2020"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,8]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,14]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1183\/13993003.00688-2020"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/13993003.00688-2020","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2020.03.18.20038455","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0903-1936","1399-3003"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0903-1936","type":"print"},{"value":"1399-3003","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,8]]}}}