{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T01:01:59Z","timestamp":1790730119118,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"European Respiratory Society (ERS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,16]],"date-time":"2019-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1571184000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.ersjournals.com\/user-licence"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2018R1A2A1A05018309"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2018R1A2A1A05018309"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["publications.ersnet.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur Respir J"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Limited data are available regarding the prognostic factors for patients with nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD). We investigated the prognostic factors associated with long-term mortality in NTM-PD patients after adjusting for individual confounders, including aetiological organism and radiological form.<\/jats:p><jats:p>A total of 1445 patients with treatment-na\u00efve NTM-PD who were newly diagnosed between July 1997 and December 2013 were included. The aetiological organisms were as follows:<jats:italic>Mycobacterium avium<\/jats:italic>(n=655),<jats:italic>M. intracellulare<\/jats:italic>(n=487),<jats:italic>M. abscessus<\/jats:italic>(n=129) and<jats:italic>M. massiliense<\/jats:italic>(n=174). The factors associated with mortality in NTM-PD patients were analysed using a multivariable Cox model after adjusting for demographic, radiological and aetiological data.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The overall 5-, 10- and 15-year cumulative mortality rates for the NTM-PD patients were 12.4%, 24.0% and 36.4%, respectively. On multivariable analysis, the following factors were significantly associated with mortality in NTM-PD patients: old age, male sex, low body mass index, chronic pulmonary aspergillosis, pulmonary or extrapulmonary malignancy, chronic heart or liver disease and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. The aetiological organism was also significantly associated with mortality:<jats:italic>M. intracellulare<\/jats:italic>had an adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of 1.40, 95% CI 1.03\u20131.91;<jats:italic>M. abscessus<\/jats:italic>had an aHR of 2.19, 95% CI 1.36\u20133.51; and<jats:italic>M. massiliense<\/jats:italic>had an aHR of 0.99, 95% CI 0.61\u20131.64, compared to<jats:italic>M. avium<\/jats:italic>. Mortality was also significantly associated with the radiological form of NTM-PD for the cavitary nodular bronchiectatic form (aHR 1.70, 95% CI 1.12\u20132.59) and the fibrocavitary form (aHR 2.12, 95% CI 1.57\u20133.08), compared to the non-cavitary nodular bronchiectatic form.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Long-term mortality in patients with NTM-PD was significantly associated with the aetiological NTM organism, cavitary disease and certain demographic characteristics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00798-2019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,17]],"date-time":"2019-10-17T04:25:24Z","timestamp":1571286324000},"page":"1900798","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/ers-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":169,"title":["Prognostic factors associated with long-term mortality in 1445 patients with nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease: a 15-year follow-up study"],"prefix":"10.1183","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6348-8731","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Byung Woo","family":"Jhun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seong Mi","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4822-1772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyeongman","family":"Jeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"O Jung","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heejin","family":"Yoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keumhee C.","family":"Carriere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hee Jae","family":"Huh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nam Yong","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0854-4582","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sung Jae","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles L.","family":"Daley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4756-3527","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Won-Jung","family":"Koh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"81","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024102101112172000_55.1.1900798.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2014.10.002"},{"key":"2024102101112172000_55.1.1900798.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1651491"},{"key":"2024102101112172000_55.1.1900798.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200604-571ST"},{"key":"2024102101112172000_55.1.1900798.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2016-209729"},{"key":"2024102101112172000_55.1.1900798.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-008058"},{"key":"2024102101112172000_55.1.1900798.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02503-2016"},{"key":"2024102101112172000_55.1.1900798.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00537-2016"},{"key":"2024102101112172000_55.1.1900798.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0185774","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0185774","article-title":"Natural course of the nodular bronchiectatic form of Mycobacterium avium complex lung disease: long-term radiologic change without treatment","volume":"12","author":"Park","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2024102101112172000_55.1.1900798.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201610-801OC","article-title":"Long-term outcomes in a population-based cohort with respiratory nontuberculous mycobacteria isolation","volume":"14","author":"Henkle","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"2024102101112172000_55.1.1900798.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2019.02.007","article-title":"The natural history of non-cavitary nodular bronchiectatic Mycobacterium avium complex lung disease","volume":"150","author":"Kwon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"2024102101112172000_55.1.1900798.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2019.03.014","article-title":"Long-term natural history of non-cavitary nodular bronchiectatic nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease","volume":"151","author":"Moon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"2024102101112172000_55.1.1900798.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix517"},{"key":"2024102101112172000_55.1.1900798.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2018.01.024"},{"key":"2024102101112172000_55.1.1900798.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01206-17"},{"key":"2024102101112172000_55.1.1900798.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2017.04.166"},{"key":"2024102101112172000_55.1.1900798.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.13-2538"},{"key":"2024102101112172000_55.1.1900798.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201802-0321OC"},{"key":"2024102101112172000_55.1.1900798.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw724"},{"key":"2024102101112172000_55.1.1900798.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200905-0778OC"},{"key":"2024102101112172000_55.1.1900798.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201107-1203OC"},{"key":"2024102101112172000_55.1.1900798.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0091879"},{"key":"2024102101112172000_55.1.1900798.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.15.0807"},{"key":"2024102101112172000_55.1.1900798.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201408-1545OC"},{"key":"2024102101112172000_55.1.1900798.24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.05.003","article-title":"Oral macrolide therapy following short-term combination antibiotic treatment of Mycobacterium massiliense lung disease","volume":"150","author":"Koh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2024102101112172000_55.1.1900798.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.156.2.atsstatement"},{"key":"2024102101112172000_55.1.1900798.26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e02052","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02052-16","article-title":"A clofazimine-containing regimen for the treatment of Mycobacterium abscessus lung disease","volume":"61","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2024102101112172000_55.1.1900798.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00011-18"},{"key":"2024102101112172000_55.1.1900798.28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hastie T , Tibshirani R , Friedman J . The Elements of Statistical Learning, Data Mining, Inference, and Prediction. 2nd edn. New York, Springer, 2009; pp. 43\u201394.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-84858-7"},{"key":"2024102101112172000_55.1.1900798.29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.12767","article-title":"Health-related quality of life, comorbidities and mortality in pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial infections: a systematic review","volume":"21","author":"Yeung","year":"2016","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"2024102101112172000_55.1.1900798.30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-018-3113-x","article-title":"High mortality in patients with Mycobacterium avium complex lung disease: a systematic review","volume":"18","author":"Diel","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024102101112172000_55.1.1900798.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201303-067OC"},{"key":"2024102101112172000_55.1.1900798.32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2014.10.013","article-title":"Risk factors for mortality in patients with pulmonary infections with non-tuberculous mycobacteria: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"109","author":"Gommans","year":"2015","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"2024102101112172000_55.1.1900798.33","first-page":"1112","article-title":"Mortality after respiratory isolation of nontuberculous mycobacteria. A comparison of patients who did and did not meet disease criteria","volume":"14","author":"Novosad","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"2024102101112172000_55.1.1900798.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201606-474BC"},{"key":"2024102101112172000_55.1.1900798.35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2303.161927","article-title":"Pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacteria-associated deaths, Ontario, Canada, 2001\u20132013","volume":"23","author":"Marras","year":"2017","journal-title":"Emerging Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024102101112172000_55.1.1900798.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.12-0494"},{"key":"2024102101112172000_55.1.1900798.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201003-0395OC"},{"key":"2024102101112172000_55.1.1900798.38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.10.012","article-title":"Clinico-microbiological analysis of 121 patients with pulmonary Mycobacteroides abscessus complex disease in Japan \u2013 an NTM-JRC study with RIT","volume":"145","author":"Morimoto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"2024102101112172000_55.1.1900798.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-5231(02)00022-9"},{"key":"2024102101112172000_55.1.1900798.40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.184.4.01841247","article-title":"Hypothesis on the evolution of cavitary lesions in nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary infection: thin-section CT and histopathologic correlation","volume":"184","author":"Kim","year":"2005","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"}],"container-title":["European Respiratory Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1183\/13993003.00798-2019","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,24]],"date-time":"2025-02-24T07:24:25Z","timestamp":1740381865000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.ersnet.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.1183\/13993003.00798-2019"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,16]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,2]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1183\/13993003.00798-2019"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/13993003.00798-2019","relation":{},"ISSN":["0903-1936","1399-3003"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0903-1936","type":"print"},{"value":"1399-3003","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,16]]}}}