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[<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F]2-fluoro-2-deoxy-<jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>-glucose ([<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F]FDG) uptake and lung inhomogeneities were quantified with a positron emission tomography-CT scan at 10\u2005cmH<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O. We defined four compartments with normal\/abnormal [<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F]FDG uptake and lung homogeneity.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The homogeneous compartment with normal [<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F]FDG uptake was primarily composed of well-inflated tissue (80\u00b116%), double-sized in nondependent lung (32\u00b127%<jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic>16\u00b117%, p&lt;0.0001) and decreased in size from mild, moderate to severe ARDS (33\u00b114%, 26\u00b120% and 5\u00b19% of the total lung volume, respectively, p=0.05). The homogeneous compartment with high [<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F]FDG uptake was similarly distributed between the dependent and nondependent lung. The inhomogeneous compartment with normal [<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F]FDG uptake represented 4% of the lung volume. The inhomogeneous compartment with high [<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F]FDG uptake was preferentially located in the dependent lung (21\u00b110%<jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic>12\u00b110%, p&lt;0.0001), mostly at the open\/closed interfaces and related to recruitability (r<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>=0.53, p&lt;0.001).<\/jats:p><jats:p>The homogeneous lung compartment with normal inflation and [<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F]FDG uptake decreases with ARDS severity, while the inhomogeneous poorly\/not inflated compartment increases. Most of the lung inhomogeneities are inflamed. 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