{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T13:37:13Z","timestamp":1770817033877,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"European Respiratory Society (ERS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,14]],"date-time":"2019-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1565740800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.ersjournals.com\/user-licence"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["publications.ersnet.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur Respir J"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,25]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In countries of the European Union, tuberculosis (TB) mainly affects marginalised people, including asylum seekers. Migratory flows from high-incidence countries to Italy have increased up to 2017, posing challenges to the national health system. This study sought to assess TB and latent TB infection (LTBI) prevalence among asylum seekers in Milan during the biennium 2016\u20132017 and to evaluate interventions in place.<\/jats:p><jats:p>A two-level active surveillance and screening system was developed for both TB and LTBI. Asylum seekers underwent an initial screening with a tuberculin skin test (TST) and a questionnaire at the receiving sites. At the Regional TB Reference Centre, those with a positive result underwent chest radiography. People aged &lt;35\u2005years with negative chest radiography results underwent further testing by interferon-\u03b3 release assay. If results of the assay were positive, LTBI treatment was offered. TB and LTBI prevalence were compared with literature data.<\/jats:p><jats:p>A total of 5324 asylum seekers, mostly young (10\u201339\u2005years; 98%), male (84%) and from sub-Saharan Africa (69%), were enrolled in the study. 69 active TB cases were diagnosed and 863 LTBI-positive individuals were detected. TB prevalence was high (1236 per 100\u200a000 population) and LTBI prevalence was 28%. Despite losses (41%) during the transition from initial screening sites and the diagnostic centre, a good TB cure rate (84%) and optimal LTBI treatment completion (94%) were achieved.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Our study shows that TB incidence is high among asylum seekers in Milan and that well-coordinated screening measures are critical for early diagnosis and treatment. It also proves that rolling out successful at-scale interventions for both prophylaxis and disease management is feasible.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00896-2019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,15]],"date-time":"2019-08-15T04:25:14Z","timestamp":1565843114000},"page":"1900896","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/ers-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Tuberculosis among asylum seekers in Milan, Italy: epidemiological analysis and evaluation of interventions"],"prefix":"10.1183","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Simone","family":"Villa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luigi Ruffo","family":"Codecasa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marino","family":"Faccini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mirella Maria","family":"Pontello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maurizio","family":"Ferrarese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paola Francesca","family":"Castellotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sabrina","family":"Senatore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Lamberti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ester","family":"Mazzola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlo Federico","family":"Perno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Campisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Saporiti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mario Carlo","family":"Raviglione","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"81","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024102101061720000_54.4.1900896.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/cku208"},{"key":"2024102101061720000_54.4.1900896.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20728","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES2014.19.9.20728","article-title":"Tuberculosis control in big cities and urban risk groups in the European Union: a consensus statement","volume":"19","author":"van Hest","year":"2014","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"2024102101061720000_54.4.1900896.3","first-page":"859","article-title":"Factors associated with the high tuberculosis case rate in an urban area","volume":"14","author":"De Vries","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"2024102101061720000_54.4.1900896.4","unstructured":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe. 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