{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T02:09:21Z","timestamp":1792030161697,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"European Respiratory Society (ERS)","issue":"2","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005411","name":"Foundation for Education and European Culture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Re-No 4435"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Re-No 4435"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005411","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["publications.ersnet.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur Respir J"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,24]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We analysed the influence of rhinovirus (RV) in nasopharyngeal fluid (NPF) on type I and III interferon (IFN) responses (<jats:italic>e.g.<\/jats:italic>IFN-\u03b1 and IFN<jats:bold>-<\/jats:bold>\u03bb) and their signal transduction, at baseline and during disease exacerbation, in cohorts of pre-school children with and without asthma.<\/jats:p><jats:p>At the time of recruitment into the Europe-wide study PreDicta, and during symptoms, NPF was collected and the local RV colonisation was analysed. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were challenged<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>with RV or not. RNA was analysed by quantitative real-time PCR and gene arrays. Serum was analysed with ELISA for IFNs and C-reactive protein.<\/jats:p><jats:p>We found that PBMCs from asthmatic children infected<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>with the RV1b serotype upregulated<jats:italic>MYD88<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>IRF1<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>STAT1<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>STAT2<\/jats:italic>mRNA, whereas<jats:italic>MYD88<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>IRF1<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>STAT1<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>IRF9<\/jats:italic>were predominantly induced in control children. Moreover, during symptomatic visits because of disease exacerbation associated with RV detection in NPF, IFN-\u03b1 production was found increased, while IFN-\u03bb secretion was already induced by RV in asthmatic children at baseline.<\/jats:p><jats:p>During asthma exacerbations associated with RV, asthmatic children can induce IFN-\u03b1 secretion, indicating a hyperactive immune response to repeated respiratory virus infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00969-2016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,12]],"date-time":"2016-11-12T04:04:31Z","timestamp":1478923471000},"page":"1600969","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/ers-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["IFN-\u03b1\/IFN-\u03bb responses to respiratory viruses in paediatric 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