{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T06:44:11Z","timestamp":1793774651889,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"European Respiratory Society (ERS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010698","name":"Landsforeningen for Hjerte- og Lungesyke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010698","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012446","name":"Akershus Universitetssykehus","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012446","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013263","name":"Nasjonalforeningen for Folkehelsen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013263","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["publications.ersnet.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur Respir J"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,21]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to describe cardiopulmonary function during exercise 3\u2005months after hospital discharge for COVID-19 and compare groups according to dyspnoea and intensive care unit (ICU) stay.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants with COVID-19 discharged from five large Norwegian hospitals were consecutively invited to a multicentre, prospective cohort study. In total, 156 participants (mean age 56.2\u2005years, 60 females) were examined with a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) 3\u2005months after discharge and compared with a reference population. Dyspnoea was assessed using the modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) dyspnoea scale.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Peak oxygen uptake (<jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic>\u2032<jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2\u200a<\/jats:sub><\/jats:sub><jats:sub>peak<\/jats:sub>) &lt;80% predicted was observed in 31% (n=49). Ventilatory efficiency was reduced in 15% (n=24), while breathing reserve &lt;15% was observed in 16% (n=25). Oxygen pulse &lt;80% predicted was found in 18% (n=28). Dyspnoea (mMRC \u22651) was reported by 47% (n=59). These participants had similar<jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic>\u2032<jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2\u200a<\/jats:sub><\/jats:sub><jats:sub>peak<\/jats:sub>(p=0.10) but lower mean\u00b1<jats:sc>sd<\/jats:sc><jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic>\u2032<jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2\u200a<\/jats:sub><\/jats:sub><jats:sub>peak<\/jats:sub>\u00b7kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>% predicted compared with participants without dyspnoea (mMRC 0) (76\u00b116%<jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic>89\u00b118%; p=0.009) due to higher body mass index (p=0.03). For ICU-<jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic>non-ICU-treated participants, mean\u00b1<jats:sc>sd<\/jats:sc><jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic>\u2032<jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2\u200a<\/jats:sub><\/jats:sub><jats:sub>peak<\/jats:sub>% predicted was 82\u00b115% and 90\u00b117% (p=0.004), respectively. Ventilation, breathing reserve and ventilatory efficiency were similar between the ICU and non-ICU groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>One-third of participants experienced<jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic>\u2032<jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2\u200a<\/jats:sub><\/jats:sub><jats:sub>peak<\/jats:sub>&lt;80% predicted 3\u2005months after hospital discharge for COVID-19. Dyspnoeic participants were characterised by lower exercise capacity due to obesity and lower ventilatory efficiency. Ventilation and ventilatory efficiency were similar between ICU- and non-ICU-treated participants.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00996-2021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T15:47:55Z","timestamp":1625154475000},"page":"2100996","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/ers-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":158,"title":["Cardiopulmonary exercise capacity and limitations 3\u2005months after COVID-19 hospitalisation"],"prefix":"10.1183","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Ingunn","family":"Skj\u00f8rten","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Odd Andre Wathne","family":"Ankerstjerne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Divna","family":"Trebinjac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eivind","family":"Br\u00f8nstad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00d8ystein","family":"Rasch-Halvorsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gunnar","family":"Einvik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T\u00f8ri Vigeland","family":"Lerum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4512-8000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Knut","family":"Stavem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Edvardsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlotte Bj\u00f6rk","family":"Ingul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"81","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024102102340949000_58.2.2100996.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2012-7"},{"key":"2024102102340949000_58.2.2100996.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.12839.e4"},{"key":"2024102102340949000_58.2.2100996.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100683","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100683","article-title":"Medium-term effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on multiple vital organs, exercise capacity, cognition, quality of life and mental health, post-hospital discharge","volume":"31","author":"Raman","year":"2021","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"2024102102340949000_58.2.2100996.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32656-8"},{"key":"2024102102340949000_58.2.2100996.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.12603"},{"key":"2024102102340949000_58.2.2100996.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00542-2020"},{"key":"2024102102340949000_58.2.2100996.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.03448-2020"},{"key":"2024102102340949000_58.2.2100996.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2020-216377"},{"key":"2024102102340949000_58.2.2100996.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.5147.257"},{"key":"2024102102340949000_58.2.2100996.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0101-2018"},{"key":"2024102102340949000_58.2.2100996.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.979"},{"key":"2024102102340949000_58.2.2100996.12","first-page":"D5253","article-title":"Exercise capacity after mechanical ventilation because of COVID-19: cardiopulmonary exercise tests in clinical rehabilitation","volume":"164","author":"Blokland","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd"},{"key":"2024102102340949000_58.2.2100996.13","unstructured":"World Health Organization . 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