{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T19:15:31Z","timestamp":1789845331554,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"European Respiratory Society (ERS)","issue":"5","funder":[{"name":"Faculty of Biology and Medicine of Lausanne","award":["3200B0-118308"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3200B0-118308"]}]},{"name":"Faculty of Biology and Medicine of Lausanne","award":["33CS30-139468"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["33CS30-139468"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["33CS30-139468"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["33CS30-139468"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["33CS30-148401"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["33CS30-148401"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["33CSCO-122661"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["33CSCO-122661"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006303","name":"Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Fundo de Incentivo \u00e0 Pesquisa","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006303","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2014\/15259-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014\/15259-2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002066","name":"GlaxoSmithKline foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["3200B0-105993"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3200B0-105993"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["publications.ersnet.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur Respir J"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,24]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Cross-sectional studies have demonstrated that obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are often associated, but whether a temporal relationship exists is unknown. We aimed to investigate the effect of OSA on the risk of developing MetS in the general population.<\/jats:p><jats:p>A prospective study was conducted combining two population-based samples: Episono (Brazil) and HypnoLaus (Switzerland). MetS was assessed according to unified criteria. Polysomnography (PSG) was performed at baseline and follow-up in Episono, and at baseline in HypnoLaus. OSA was defined according to the apnoea\u2013hypopnoea index as mild (\u22655\u2013\u200a&lt;15\u2005events\u2005h<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) and moderate-to-severe (\u226515\u2005events\u00b7h<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>). We included 1853 participants (mean\u00b1<jats:sc>sd<\/jats:sc>age 52\u00b113\u2005years, 56% female) without MetS at baseline.<\/jats:p><jats:p>After mean\u00b1<jats:sc>sd<\/jats:sc>6\u00b11\u2005years, 318 (17.2%) participants developed MetS. Moderate-to-severe OSA was independently associated with incident MetS (OR 2.58, 95% CI 1.61\u20134.11) and increased the number of MetS components from baseline to follow-up through mediation of the percentage of time with arterial oxygen saturation &lt;90%. Subset analysis in Episono confirmed that the increase in this parameter between baseline and follow-up PSGs represented a risk factor for incident MetS (OR 1.42, 95% CI 1.04\u20131.95, for each 10% increase).<\/jats:p><jats:p>OSA is independently associated with an increased risk of developing MetS through mediation of nocturnal hypoxaemia in the general population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01150-2018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,4]],"date-time":"2018-10-04T13:25:30Z","timestamp":1538659530000},"page":"1801150","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/ers-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["Obstructive sleep apnoea as a risk factor for incident metabolic syndrome: a joined Episono and HypnoLaus prospective cohorts study"],"prefix":"10.1183","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Camila","family":"Hirotsu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose","family":"Haba-Rubio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonia M.","family":"Togeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Marques-Vidal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luciano F.","family":"Drager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Vollenweider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00e9rard","family":"Waeber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lia","family":"Bittencourt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Tufik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raphael","family":"Heinzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"81","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024102100382523000_52.5.1801150.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)66378-7"},{"key":"2024102100382523000_52.5.1801150.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192644"},{"key":"2024102100382523000_52.5.1801150.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.01.006"},{"key":"2024102100382523000_52.5.1801150.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0012065"},{"key":"2024102100382523000_52.5.1801150.5","first-page":"159","article-title":"The impact of sleep-disordered breathing on body mass index (BMI): the Sleep Heart Health Study (SHHS)","volume":"3","author":"Brown","year":"2011","journal-title":"Southwest J Pulm Crit Care"},{"key":"2024102100382523000_52.5.1801150.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.06.014"},{"key":"2024102100382523000_52.5.1801150.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4687","DOI":"10.1113\/JP272114","article-title":"CrossTalk proposal: metabolic syndrome causes sleep apnoea","volume":"594","author":"Vgontzas","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"2024102100382523000_52.5.1801150.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.5114\/aoms.2016.61914","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea predicts risk of metabolic syndrome independently of obesity: a meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Qian","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch Med Sci"},{"key":"2024102100382523000_52.5.1801150.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00094.2015"},{"key":"2024102100382523000_52.5.1801150.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2008.11.001"},{"key":"2024102100382523000_52.5.1801150.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(15)00043-0","article-title":"Prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing in the general population: the HypnoLaus study","volume":"3","author":"Heinzer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"2024102100382523000_52.5.1801150.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2261-8-6"},{"key":"2024102100382523000_52.5.1801150.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(89)90047-4"},{"key":"2024102100382523000_52.5.1801150.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/14.6.540"},{"key":"2024102100382523000_52.5.1801150.15","unstructured":"American Academy of Sleep Medicine. The AASM Manual for the Scoring of Sleep and Associated Events: Rules, Terminology and Technical Specifications. 1st Edn. Westchester, AASM, 2007."},{"key":"2024102100382523000_52.5.1801150.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/15.2.173"},{"key":"2024102100382523000_52.5.1801150.17","unstructured":"American Academy of Sleep Medicine. The AASM Manual for the Scoring of Sleep and Associated Events: Rules, Terminology and Technical Specifications. Version 2.0. Westchester, AASM, 2012."},{"key":"2024102100382523000_52.5.1801150.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e37","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201602-0361ST","article-title":"An Official American Thoracic Society Research Statement: Impact of Mild Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Adults","volume":"193","author":"Chowdhuri","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2024102100382523000_52.5.1801150.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc05-2540"},{"key":"2024102100382523000_52.5.1801150.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-S062"},{"key":"2024102100382523000_52.5.1801150.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00280883"},{"key":"2024102100382523000_52.5.1801150.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4691","DOI":"10.1113\/JP272115","article-title":"CrossTalk opposing view: sleep apnoea causes metabolic syndrome","volume":"594","author":"Phillips","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"2024102100382523000_52.5.1801150.23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1633","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/33.12.1633","article-title":"Sleep symptoms predict the development of the metabolic syndrome","volume":"33","author":"Troxel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"2024102100382523000_52.5.1801150.24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e4488","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000004488","article-title":"Concurrent presence of inflammation and obstructive sleep apnea exacerbates the risk of metabolic syndrome: a KoGES 6-year follow-up study","volume":"96","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"2024102100382523000_52.5.1801150.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwh261"},{"key":"2024102100382523000_52.5.1801150.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2011-201001"},{"key":"2024102100382523000_52.5.1801150.27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2017.05.009","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea and diabetes: a state of the art review","volume":"152","author":"Reutrakul","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2024102100382523000_52.5.1801150.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1843.2012.02267.x"},{"key":"2024102100382523000_52.5.1801150.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2014-205361"},{"key":"2024102100382523000_52.5.1801150.30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1179\/acb.2009.051","article-title":"CPAP treatment in the coexistence of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and metabolic syndrome, results of one year follow up","volume":"64","author":"Oktay","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Clin Belg"},{"key":"2024102100382523000_52.5.1801150.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2012-202824"},{"key":"2024102100382523000_52.5.1801150.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.029400"},{"key":"2024102100382523000_52.5.1801150.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2014.03.034"}],"container-title":["European Respiratory Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1183\/13993003.01150-2018","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,24]],"date-time":"2025-02-24T07:00:12Z","timestamp":1740380412000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.ersnet.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.1183\/13993003.01150-2018"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,4]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,8]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1183\/13993003.01150-2018"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/13993003.01150-2018","relation":{},"ISSN":["0903-1936","1399-3003"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0903-1936","type":"print"},{"value":"1399-3003","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,4]]}}}