{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T18:29:19Z","timestamp":1791570559111,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"European Respiratory Society (ERS)","issue":"3","funder":[{"name":"German Center for Lung Research"},{"name":"German Research Foundation","award":["SFB TR84 B2 and SFB 1021 C5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFB TR84 B2 and SFB 1021 C5"]}]},{"name":"Netherlands Genomics Initiative","award":["FES0908"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FES0908"]}]},{"name":"European Union FP7 project ANTIGONE","award":["278976"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["278976"]}]},{"name":"NHMRC C.J. Martin post-doctoral fellowship","award":["1054081"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1054081"]}]},{"name":"NWO","award":["NWO-MEERVOUD-836.10.003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NWO-MEERVOUD-836.10.003"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["publications.ersnet.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur Respir J"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,3]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A major cause of respiratory failure during influenza A virus (IAV) infection is damage to the epithelial\u2013endothelial barrier of the pulmonary alveolus. Damage to this barrier results in flooding of the alveolar lumen with proteinaceous oedema fluid, erythrocytes and inflammatory cells. To date, the exact roles of pulmonary epithelial and endothelial cells in this process remain unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Here, we used an\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    co-culture model to understand how IAV damages the pulmonary epithelial\u2013endothelial barrier. Human epithelial cells were seeded on the upper half of a transwell membrane while human endothelial cells were seeded on the lower half. These cells were then grown in co-culture and IAV was added to the upper chamber.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>We showed that the addition of IAV (H1N1 and H5N1 subtypes) resulted in significant barrier damage. Interestingly, we found that, while endothelial cells mounted a pro-inflammatory\/pro-coagulant response to a viral infection in the adjacent epithelial cells, damage to the alveolar epithelial\u2013endothelial barrier occurred independently of endothelial cells. Rather, barrier damage was associated with disruption of tight junctions amongst epithelial cells, and specifically with loss of tight junction protein claudin-4.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Taken together, these data suggest that maintaining epithelial cell integrity is key in reducing pulmonary oedema during IAV infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01282-2015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,7]],"date-time":"2016-01-07T22:23:58Z","timestamp":1452205438000},"page":"954-966","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/ers-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":246,"title":["Influenza virus damages the alveolar barrier by disrupting epithelial cell tight junctions"],"prefix":"10.1183","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Kirsty 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