{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T03:02:26Z","timestamp":1790737346737,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"European Respiratory Society (ERS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,28]],"date-time":"2019-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1553731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.ersjournals.com\/user-licence"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000274","name":"British Heart Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RG68204"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RG68204"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000274","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RG67444"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RG67444"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["publications.ersnet.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur Respir J"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,2]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>While traffic and air pollution exposure is associated with increased mortality in numerous diseases, its association with disease severity and outcomes in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) remains unknown.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Exposure to particulate matter with a 50% cut-off aerodynamic diameter \u22642.5\u2005\u03bcm (PM\n                    <jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), nitrogen dioxide (NO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) and indirect measures of traffic-related air pollution (distance to main road and length of roads within buffer zones surrounding residential addresses) were estimated for 301 patients with idiopathic\/heritable PAH recruited in the UK National Cohort Study of Idiopathic and Heritable PAH. Associations with transplant-free survival and pulmonary haemodynamic severity at baseline were assessed, adjusting for confounding variables defined\n                    <jats:italic>a priori<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Higher estimated exposure to PM\n                    <jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>\n                    was associated with higher risk of death or lung transplant (unadjusted hazard ratio (HR) 2.68 (95% CI 1.11\u20136.47) per 3\u2005\u03bcg\u00b7m\n                    <jats:sup>\u22123<\/jats:sup>\n                    ; p=0.028). This association remained similar when adjusted for potential confounding variables (HR 4.38 (95% CI 1.44\u201313.36) per 3\u2005\u03bcg\u00b7m\n                    <jats:sup>\u22123<\/jats:sup>\n                    ; p=0.009). No associations were found between NO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    exposure or other traffic pollution indicators and transplant-free survival. Conversely, indirect measures of exposure to traffic-related air pollution within the 500\u20131000\u2005m buffer zones correlated with the European Society of Cardiology\/European Respiratory Society risk categories as well as pulmonary haemodynamics at baseline. This association was strongest for pulmonary vascular resistance.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    In idiopathic\/heritable PAH, indirect measures of exposure to traffic-related air pollution were associated with disease severity at baseline, whereas higher PM\n                    <jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>\n                    exposure may independently predict shorter transplant-free survival.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01429-2018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,28]],"date-time":"2019-03-28T09:25:19Z","timestamp":1553765119000},"page":"1801429","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/ers-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Traffic exposures, air pollution and outcomes in pulmonary arterial hypertension: a UK cohort study analysis"],"prefix":"10.1183","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Eleni","family":"Sofianopoulou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Kaptoge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1315-8873","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan","family":"Gr\u00e4f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charaka","family":"Hadinnapola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen M.","family":"Treacy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colin","family":"Church","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerry","family":"Coghlan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. 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