{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:37:09Z","timestamp":1792787829371,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"European Respiratory Society (ERS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Capital's Funds for Health Improvement and Research","award":["2022-2-1041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-2-1041"]}]},{"name":"Capital's Funds for Health Improvement and Research","award":["2024-1-1041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024-1-1041"]}]},{"name":"Beijing Hospitals Authority Ascent Plan","award":["DFL20221401"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DFL20221401"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["publications.ersnet.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur Respir J"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major cause of infectious disease mortality globally, with significant underdiagnosis perpetuating transmission. Tongue swab analysis has emerged as a promising non-invasive method for pulmonary TB diagnosis. This study evaluates the diagnostic accuracy of the TB-EASY quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay using tongue swab specimens.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this prospective multicentre study, conducted across seven designated TB hospitals in China, 729 participants were included in the analysis. Tongue swabs were tested using the new TB-EASY assay from Hugobiotech, while sputum samples were analysed by Xpert MTB\/RIF (Xpert), smear and culture tests. Diagnostic performance was compared to a composite microbiological reference standard (MRS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The TB-EASY assay demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy, with sensitivity and specificity of 89.6% and 96.2% compared to sputum Xpert, and 87.4% and 98.0% compared to the MRS. Sensitivity varied by bacterial load, ranging from 100% in high-load cases to 70.4% in very-low-load cases. The assay demonstrated robust performance in diverse epidemiological settings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The TB-EASY qPCR assay using tongue swabs offers a reliable, non-invasive diagnostic alternative for pulmonary TB, especially where sputum collection is challenging. Its potential for wider use in high TB burden settings warrants further validation in community-based studies. Limitations include potential overestimation of sensitivity due to the selection of symptomatic patients and the use of sputum Xpert rather than Xpert Ultra. Additionally, the performance in non-sputum-producing patients remains untested, and the cost-effectiveness should be further evaluated to assess the feasibility of its implementation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01493-2024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,2]],"date-time":"2025-01-02T12:30:56Z","timestamp":1735821056000},"page":"2401493","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/ers-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Rapid quantitative PCR on tongue swabs for pulmonary tuberculosis in adults: a prospective multicentre study"],"prefix":"10.1183","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Yilin","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junwei","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenge","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aimei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Furong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rongmei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuhui","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianping","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sihong","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhonghai","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenlong","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaomu","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangyu","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JianZhi","family":"Qing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guilan","family":"Mu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liying","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6803-9807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu","family":"Pang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"81","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025010209301696000_65.1.2401493.1","unstructured":"World Health Organization . 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