{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T09:03:41Z","timestamp":1791277421670,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"European Respiratory Society (ERS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,25]],"date-time":"2019-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1556150400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.ersjournals.com\/user-licence"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["publications.ersnet.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur Respir J"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Diagnosing lung cancer in the absence of endobronchial abnormalities is challenging. Needle-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (nCLE) enables real-time microscopic imaging of cells. We assessed the feasibility and safety of using nCLE for real-time identification of lung cancer.<\/jats:p><jats:p>In patients with suspected or proven lung cancer scheduled for endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), lung tumours and mediastinal lymph nodes were imaged with nCLE before fine-needle aspiration (FNA) was performed. nCLE lung cancer characteristics were identified by comparison with pathology. Multiple blinded raters validated CLE videos of lung tumours and mediastinal nodes twice.<\/jats:p><jats:p>EUS-nCLE-FNA was performed in 22\u00a0patients with suspected or proven lung cancer in whom 27\u00a0lesions (six tumours, 21 mediastinal nodes) were evaluated without complications. Three nCLE lung cancer criteria (dark enlarged pleomorphic cells, dark clumps and directional streaming) were identified. The accuracy of nCLE imaging for detecting malignancy was 90% in tumours and 89% in metastatic lymph nodes. Both inter-observer agreement (mean \u03ba=0.68, 95% CI 0.66\u20130.70) and intra-observer agreement (mean\u00b1<jats:sc>sd<\/jats:sc>\u03ba=0.70\u00b10.15) were substantial.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Real-time lung cancer detection by endosonography-guided nCLE was feasible and safe. Lung cancer characteristics were accurately recognised.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01520-2018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,25]],"date-time":"2019-04-25T20:05:20Z","timestamp":1556222720000},"page":"1801520","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/ers-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Needle-based confocal laser endomicroscopy for real-time diagnosing\u00a0and staging of lung cancer"],"prefix":"10.1183","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Lizzy","family":"Wijmans","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joey","family":"Yared","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel M.","family":"de Bruin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sybren L.","family":"Meijer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Baas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter I.","family":"Bonta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jouke T.","family":"Annema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"81","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024102100533873000_53.6.1801520.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2016.5688","article-title":"global, regional, and national cancer incidence, mortality, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life-years for 32 cancer groups, 1990 to 2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease study","volume":"3","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"key":"2024102100533873000_53.6.1801520.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201507-1332OC","article-title":"Diagnostic yield and complications of bronchoscopy for peripheral lung lesions. 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