{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T02:07:49Z","timestamp":1793153269164,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"European Respiratory Society (ERS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,23]],"date-time":"2023-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677110400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006636","name":"Forskningsr\u00e5det om H\u00e4lsa, Arbetsliv och V\u00e4lf\u00e4rd","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FORTE 2017-01146"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FORTE 2017-01146"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006636","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011199","name":"FP7 Ideas: European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["757919"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["757919"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011199","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003793","name":"Hj\u00e4rt-Lungfonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003793","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016-03086"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016-03086"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020-01886"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-01886"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["publications.ersnet.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur Respir J"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,29]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The beneficial effect of improving air quality on lung function development remains understudied. We assessed associations of changes in ambient air pollution levels with lung function growth from childhood until young adulthood in a Swedish cohort study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the prospective birth cohort BAMSE (Children, Allergy, Environment, Stockholm, Epidemiology (in Swedish)), spirometry was conducted at the 8-year (2002\u20132004), 16-year (2011\u20132013) and 24-year (2016\u20132019) follow-ups. Participants with spirometry data at 8\u2005years and at least one other measurement in subsequent follow-ups were included (1509 participants with 3837 spirometry measurements). Ambient air pollution levels (particulate matter with diameter \u22642.5\u2005\u03bcm (PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>), particulate matter with diameter \u226410\u2005\u03bcm (PM<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>), black carbon (BC) and nitrogen oxides (NO<jats:italic><jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub><\/jats:italic>)) at residential addresses were estimated using dispersion modelling. Linear mixed effect models were used to estimate associations between air pollution exposure change and lung function development.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall, air pollution levels decreased progressively during the study period. For example, the median (interquartile range (IQR)) level of PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>decreased from 8.24 (0.92)\u2005\u03bcg\u00b7m<jats:sup>\u22123<\/jats:sup>during 2002\u20132004 to 5.21 (0.67)\u2005\u03bcg\u00b7m<jats:sup>\u22123<\/jats:sup>during 2016\u20132019. At the individual level, for each IQR reduction of PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>the lung function growth rate increased by 4.63 (95% CI 1.64\u20137.61)\u2005mL per year (p&lt;0.001) for forced expiratory volume in 1\u2005s and 9.38 (95% CI 4.76\u201314.00)\u2005mL per year (p&lt;0.001) for forced vital capacity. Similar associations were also observed for reductions of BC and NO<jats:italic><jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub><\/jats:italic>. Associations persisted after adjustment for potential confounders and were not modified by asthma, allergic sensitisation, overweight, early-life air pollution exposure or dietary antioxidant intake.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Long-term reduction of air pollution is associated with positive lung function development from childhood to young adulthood.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01783-2022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,23]],"date-time":"2023-02-23T16:10:12Z","timestamp":1677168612000},"page":"2201783","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/ers-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Associations of improved air quality with lung function growth from childhood to adulthood: the BAMSE study"],"prefix":"10.1183","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Zhebin","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon Kebede","family":"Merid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Bellander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Bergstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristina","family":"Eneroth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonios","family":"Georgelis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenny","family":"Hallberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inger","family":"Kull","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petter","family":"Ljungman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanna","family":"Klevebro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2843-2908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Massimo","family":"Stafoggia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00f6ran","family":"Pershagen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4147-5654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olena","family":"Gruzieva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8248-0663","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erik","family":"Mel\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"81","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024102103120703000_61.5.2201783.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2021.05.006","article-title":"Air pollution and lung function in children","volume":"148","author":"Garcia","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2024102103120703000_61.5.2201783.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00419-2016"},{"key":"2024102103120703000_61.5.2201783.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-017-0709-y","article-title":"Effects of long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution on lung function in children","volume":"17","author":"Schultz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Allergy Asthma Rep"},{"key":"2024102103120703000_61.5.2201783.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.113.S3.1037","article-title":"Air pollution and children's health","volume":"113","author":"Schwartz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2024102103120703000_61.5.2201783.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1788","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.16412","article-title":"Air pollution exposure impairs lung function in infants","volume":"111","author":"Lundberg","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"2024102103120703000_61.5.2201783.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201505-0928OC"},{"key":"2024102103120703000_61.5.2201783.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00218-2018"},{"key":"2024102103120703000_61.5.2201783.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60037-3"},{"key":"2024102103120703000_61.5.2201783.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201903-0670OC","article-title":"The potential effects of policy-driven air pollution interventions on childhood lung development","volume":"201","author":"Urman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2024102103120703000_61.5.2201783.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1513737"},{"key":"2024102103120703000_61.5.2201783.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202203-0444OC","article-title":"Plasticity of individual lung function states from childhood to adulthood","volume":"207","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2024102103120703000_61.5.2201783.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/148.6_Pt_1.1502"},{"key":"2024102103120703000_61.5.2201783.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(21)00555-5","article-title":"Pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: understanding the contributions of gene\u2013environment interactions across the lifespan","volume":"10","author":"Agusti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"2024102103120703000_61.5.2201783.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201907-538CME"},{"key":"2024102103120703000_61.5.2201783.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1247348"},{"key":"2024102103120703000_61.5.2201783.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.164.11.2102005"},{"key":"2024102103120703000_61.5.2201783.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1414123"},{"key":"2024102103120703000_61.5.2201783.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1007\/s40572-017-0161-0","article-title":"Accountability studies on air pollution and health: the HEI experience","volume":"4","author":"Boogaard","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Environ Health Rep"},{"key":"2024102103120703000_61.5.2201783.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201206-1045OC"},{"key":"2024102103120703000_61.5.2201783.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3038.13.s.15.10.x"},{"key":"2024102103120703000_61.5.2201783.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13601-020-00319-w"},{"key":"2024102103120703000_61.5.2201783.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02120-2020"},{"key":"2024102103120703000_61.5.2201783.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00990-2019"},{"key":"2024102103120703000_61.5.2201783.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.05.00034805"},{"key":"2024102103120703000_61.5.2201783.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00080312"},{"key":"2024102103120703000_61.5.2201783.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2011.11.001"},{"key":"2024102103120703000_61.5.2201783.27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2021.10.014","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2-specific B- and T-cell immunity in a population-based study of young Swedish adults","volume":"149","author":"Bjorkander","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2024102103120703000_61.5.2201783.28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e228109","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.8109","article-title":"Association of short-term air pollution exposure with SARS-CoV-2 infection among young adults in Sweden","volume":"5","author":"Yu","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"2024102103120703000_61.5.2201783.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2020-215884"},{"key":"2024102103120703000_61.5.2201783.30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.118314","article-title":"Health effects in people relocating between environments of differing ambient air pollution concentrations: a literature review","volume":"292","author":"Edwards","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ Pollut"},{"key":"2024102103120703000_61.5.2201783.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1411532"},{"key":"2024102103120703000_61.5.2201783.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.127.6.1952"},{"key":"2024102103120703000_61.5.2201783.33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201608-1561LE","article-title":"Low lung function in young adult life is associated with early mortality","volume":"195","author":"Vasquez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2024102103120703000_61.5.2201783.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.06.049"},{"key":"2024102103120703000_61.5.2201783.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.004050"},{"key":"2024102103120703000_61.5.2201783.36","unstructured":"World Health Organization . WHO global urban ambient air pollution database (update 2022). 2022. www.who.int\/data\/gho\/data\/themes\/air-pollution\/who-air-quality-database Date last accessed: 4 May 2022."},{"key":"2024102103120703000_61.5.2201783.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n2368"},{"key":"2024102103120703000_61.5.2201783.38","first-page":"1","article-title":"Mortality\u2013air pollution associations in low-exposure environments (MAPLE): phase 1","volume":"2019","author":"Brauer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Res Rep Health Eff Inst"},{"key":"2024102103120703000_61.5.2201783.39","first-page":"1","article-title":"Mortality and morbidity effects of long-term exposure to low-level PM2.5, BC, NO2, and O3: an analysis of European cohorts in the elapse project","volume":"2021","author":"Brunekreef","year":"2021","journal-title":"Res Rep Health Eff Inst"},{"key":"2024102103120703000_61.5.2201783.40","first-page":"1","article-title":"Assessing adverse health effects of long-term exposure to low levels of ambient air pollution: implementation of causal inference methods","volume":"2022","author":"Dominici","year":"2022","journal-title":"Res Rep Health Eff Inst"},{"key":"2024102103120703000_61.5.2201783.41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph14070742","article-title":"Health impact of PM10, PM2.5 and black carbon exposure due to different source sectors in Stockholm, Gothenburg and Umea, Sweden","volume":"14","author":"Segersson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"2024102103120703000_61.5.2201783.42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1206145","article-title":"Improved air quality and attenuated lung function decline: modification by obesity in the SAPALDIA cohort","volume":"121","author":"Schikowski","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"2024102103120703000_61.5.2201783.43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01780-2018"}],"container-title":["European Respiratory Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1183\/13993003.01783-2022","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,24]],"date-time":"2025-02-24T06:20:20Z","timestamp":1740378020000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.ersnet.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.1183\/13993003.01783-2022"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,23]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,5]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1183\/13993003.01783-2022"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/13993003.01783-2022","relation":{},"ISSN":["0903-1936","1399-3003"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0903-1936","type":"print"},{"value":"1399-3003","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,23]]}}}