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We aimed to determine whether<jats:italic>C. trachomatis<\/jats:italic>infection during pregnancy is associated with asthma-related symptoms across childhood<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study among 2475 children and their mothers was embedded in a population-based prospective cohort study. Maternal urine samples were tested for<jats:italic>C. trachomatis<\/jats:italic>infection during pregnancy. Questionnaires provided information on childhood physician-attended lower respiratory tract infections and wheezing, and current asthma at age 10\u2005years. Lung function was measured by spirometry at age 10\u2005years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prevalence of<jats:italic>C. trachomatis<\/jats:italic>infection during pregnancy was 3.2% (78 out of 2475).<jats:italic>C. trachomatis<\/jats:italic>infection during pregnancy was not associated with lower respiratory tract infections until age 6\u2005years, but was associated with a higher odds of wheezing in children until age 10\u2005years (OR 1.50 (95% CI 1.10\u20132.03)).<jats:italic>C. trachomatis<\/jats:italic>infection during pregnancy was associated with an increased odds of asthma (OR 2.29 (95% CI 1.02\u20135.13)), and with a lower forced expiratory volume in 1\u2005s\/forced vital capacity and forced expiratory flow at 75% of forced vital capacity (z-score difference \u22120.28 (95% CI \u22120.52\u2013\u200a\u22120.04) and \u22120.24 (95% CI \u22120.46\u2013\u200a\u22120.01), respectively) in children at age 10\u2005years. The observed associations were only partly explained by mode of delivery, gestational age at birth or birthweight.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>C. trachomatis<\/jats:italic>infection during pregnancy is associated with increased odds of wheezing, asthma and impaired lung function. The causality of the observed associations and potential underlying mechanisms need to be explored.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01829-2019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,23]],"date-time":"2020-07-23T14:45:52Z","timestamp":1595515552000},"page":"1901829","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/ers-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["<i>C<\/i><i>hlamydia trachomatis<\/i>during pregnancy and childhood asthma-related morbidity: a population-based prospective cohort"],"prefix":"10.1183","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Evelien R.","family":"van Meel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Attanasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent W.V.","family":"Jaddoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irwin K.M.","family":"Reiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henri\u00ebtte A.","family":"Moll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johan C.","family":"de Jongste","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6731-9452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liesbeth","family":"Duijts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"81","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024101920552018000_56.1.1901829.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0115753"},{"key":"2024101920552018000_56.1.1901829.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0950-3552(05)80154-3"},{"key":"2024101920552018000_56.1.1901829.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/8.4.385"},{"key":"2024101920552018000_56.1.1901829.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02390366"},{"key":"2024101920552018000_56.1.1901829.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-011-9569-2"},{"key":"2024101920552018000_56.1.1901829.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-011-9586-1"},{"key":"2024101920552018000_56.1.1901829.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1413-8670(11)70247-1"},{"key":"2024101920552018000_56.1.1901829.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-018-2451-z","article-title":"Chlamydia trachomatis and adverse pregnancy outcomes: meta-analysis of patients with and without infection","volume":"22","author":"Olson-Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Matern Child Health J"},{"key":"2024101920552018000_56.1.1901829.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1986.03370240044034"},{"key":"2024101920552018000_56.1.1901829.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(79)80077-3"},{"key":"2024101920552018000_56.1.1901829.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2015.08.050"},{"key":"2024101920552018000_56.1.1901829.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2013.12.1082"},{"key":"2024101920552018000_56.1.1901829.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2003.045971"},{"key":"2024101920552018000_56.1.1901829.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(86)81037-X"},{"key":"2024101920552018000_56.1.1901829.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-198201000-00008","article-title":"Chlamydia trachomatis and chronic respiratory disease in childhood","volume":"1","author":"Harrison","year":"1982","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024101920552018000_56.1.1901829.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/28.4.723"},{"key":"2024101920552018000_56.1.1901829.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-016-0224-9"},{"key":"2024101920552018000_56.1.1901829.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.95.08030483"},{"key":"2024101920552018000_56.1.1901829.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.05.00034805"},{"key":"2024101920552018000_56.1.1901829.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201703-0631OC","article-title":"Fetal and infant growth patterns and risk of lower lung function and asthma. 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