{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T12:09:28Z","timestamp":1792843768304,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":221,"publisher":"European Respiratory Society (ERS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]],"date-time":"2025-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746662400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/publications.ersnet.org\/user-licence"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["publications.ersnet.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur Respir J"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,26]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Over the past three decades, several drugs have been developed to target three major dysfunctional pathways in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), including the prostacyclin, endothelin and nitric oxide pathways. Despite these advances, PAH remains incurable, necessitating further drug discovery efforts. New therapies focus on previously untargeted pathways, especially the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)\/transforming growth factor (TGF)-\u03b2 signalling pathway. Dysregulation of this pathway, involving the Smad2\/3 and Smad1\/5\/8 signalling branches, plays a key role in pulmonary vascular remodelling. Sotatercept, a fusion protein acting as an activin receptor ligand trap to rebalance growth-promoting and growth-inhibiting signalling has shown promise in clinical trials by reducing pulmonary vascular resistance, improving exercise capacity and lowering risk of a composite of morbi-mortality events. Other emerging treatments aim to restore balance within the BMP\/TGF-\u03b2 pathway. Therapies targeting receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), such as imatinib, inhibit the platelet-derived growth factor pathway. Though oral imatinib has shown efficacy, its side-effects have limited widespread use. Additional strategies exploring lower doses of imatinib and novel delivery methods, such as inhalation, to reduce systemic side-effects failed to demonstrate clinical benefit. Novel RTK inhibitors such as seralutinib administered by inhalation have shown promising results in a phase 2 clinical trial. Other emerging approaches include anti-inflammatory therapies, hormonal modulation and metabolism-targeting agents like ranolazine and sodium\u2013glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, which could expand the therapeutic landscape for PAH. Overall, the continued development of novel drugs targeting these pathways offers hope for better disease management and improved outcomes for patients with PAH.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01830-2024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]],"date-time":"2025-05-08T10:45:16Z","timestamp":1746701116000},"page":"2401830","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/ers-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Drugs targeting novel pathways in pulmonary arterial hypertension"],"prefix":"10.1183","volume":"66","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1942-1951","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olivier","family":"Sitbon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6246-5557","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ath\u00e9na\u00efs","family":"Boucly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0615-4575","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jason","family":"Weatherald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9515-6571","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabrice","family":"Antigny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8545-4452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christophe","family":"Guignabert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitja","family":"Jevnikar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xavier","family":"Ja\u00efs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5250-660X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura C.","family":"Price","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3926-1171","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin R.","family":"Wilkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roham T.","family":"Zamanian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6862-8975","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laurent","family":"Savale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9358-6922","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Montani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0703-2892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marc","family":"Humbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"81","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00879-2022"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehac237"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01325-2024"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01726-2023"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(23)00264-3","article-title":"Treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension: recent progress and a look to the future","volume":"11","author":"Humbert","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(22)01601-4"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01095-2024"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01222-2024"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.122.061501"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201510-1955OC"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3670","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201801659R","article-title":"Therapeutic effect of pirfenidone in the sugen\/hypoxia rat model of severe pulmonary hypertension","volume":"33","author":"Poble","year":"2019","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aaz5660"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200311-1602OC"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-12-62"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.007469"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000012754.72951.3D"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000166926.54293.68"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00054.2013"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201702-0386OC"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2021-0332OC","article-title":"Loss of cAbl tyrosine kinase in pulmonary arterial hypertension causes dysfunction of vascular endothelial cells","volume":"67","author":"Le Vely","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.108.173567"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02428-2020"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000200180.01710.e6"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3877"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2016.08.019"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00303.2015"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00202.2011"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20111741"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2015.03.010"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/hc3201.094152"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vph.2009.09.001"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2005-0103OC"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00242.2004"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1819","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2009.09.012","article-title":"GDF5 and BMP2 inhibit apoptosis via activation of BMPR2 and subsequent stabilization of XIAP","volume":"1793","author":"Liu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M300636200"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.119.313715"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201408-1464OC","article-title":"Impaired bone morphogenetic protein receptor II signaling in a transforming growth factor-\u03b2-dependent mouse model of pulmonary hypertension and in systemic sclerosis","volume":"191","author":"Gilbane","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms14079"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.736801"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-11435-x"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.5193"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02341-2020"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2024277"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa2213558"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01347-2022"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1987","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2415160","article-title":"Sotatercept in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension at high risk for death","volume":"392","author":"Humbert","year":"2025","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.7326\/L23-0387","article-title":"Recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding in a patient with pulmonary arterial hypertension treated with sotatercept","volume":"177","author":"Hakim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvab187"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10456-022-09859-0"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.50","unstructured":"KEROS Therapeutics . Keros Therapeutics Announces Additional Update on the Phase 2 TROPOS Trial. Date last updated: 15 January 2025. https:\/\/ir.kerostx.com\/news-releases\/news-release-details\/keros-therapeutics-announces-additional-update-phase-2-tropos\/"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.118.313356"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01634-2023"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI65592"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02449-2016"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2603","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2025.03.001","article-title":"Therapeutic potential of allosteric HECT E3 ligase inhibition","volume":"188","author":"Rothman","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/ebm.2010.009383"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(06)06032-0"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577578","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2020.577578","article-title":"Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomal miR-25 regulates the ubiquitination and degradation of Runx2 by SMURF1 to promote fracture healing in mice","volume":"7","author":"Jiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M113.472704"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13578-023-00978-9"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1038\/nrclinonc.2016.139","article-title":"Tyrosine kinase inhibitors in chronic myeloid leukaemia: which, when, for whom?","volume":"14","author":"Rosti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa062867"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200707-1037OC"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201006-0905OC"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI24838"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201001-0123OC"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.000765"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2015.05.025"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.079921"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00279-2020"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1159\/000381923","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of long-term imatinib therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"89","author":"Speich","year":"2015","journal-title":"Respiration"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1159\/000430997","article-title":"Imatinib for pulmonary arterial hypertension \u2013 wonder drug or killer drug?","volume":"89","author":"Olschewski","year":"2015","journal-title":"Respiration"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202410-1929OC","article-title":"Positioning imatinib for pulmonary arterial hypertension: a dose finding phase 2 study","volume":"211","author":"Rothman","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00433-2022"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.75","first-page":"A6461","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic profile of imatinib mesylate formulation (AER-901) demonstrates potential for therapeutic exposure levels at low doses after pulmonary administration","volume":"207","author":"Burgess","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02356-2021"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204589402110570","DOI":"10.1177\/20458940211057071","article-title":"TORREY, a phase 2 study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of inhaled seralutinib for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"11","author":"Frantz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pulm Circ"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(24)00072-9","article-title":"Seralutinib in adults with pulmonary arterial hypertension (TORREY): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial","volume":"12","author":"Frantz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.11-0793"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.113.301141"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.04.006"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvz308"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.151.5.7735624"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.933762"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-017-0407-5"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202108-1919OC","article-title":"Autoimmunity is a significant feature of idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"206","author":"Jones","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00028310"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23303"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-10-6"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.108.182014"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI96462"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02463-2020"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01761-2019"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12251","DOI":"10.1002\/pul2.12251","article-title":"SATISFY-JP, a phase II multicenter open-label study on satralizumab, an anti-IL-6 receptor antibody, use for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension in patients with an immune-responsive-phenotype: study protocol","volume":"13","author":"Tamura","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pulm Circ"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.12324","article-title":"A novel therapeutic approach in pulmonary arterial hypertension as a complication of adult-onset Still's disease: targeting IL-6","volume":"17","author":"Kadavath","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Rheum Dis"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202009-3481OC"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202103-0612ED","article-title":"A phase-2 NIH-sponsored randomized clinical trial of rituximab in SSC-PAH did not reach significance for its endpoints: end of story? not so fast!","volume":"204","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(22)00359-9"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa032534"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0511167103"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2016.12.012","article-title":"Galectin-3 levels are elevated and predictive of mortality in pulmonary hypertension","volume":"26","author":"Mazurek","year":"2017","journal-title":"Heart Lung Circ"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201711-2308LE","article-title":"Galectin-3 promotes vascular remodeling and contributes to pulmonary hypertension","volume":"197","author":"Barman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2016.6020","article-title":"Galectin-3 inhibition ameliorates hypoxia-induced pulmonary artery hypertension","volume":"15","author":"Hao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol Med Rep"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201809-1737OC"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.111.300483"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.12304","article-title":"Preventive and remedial application of etanercept attenuate monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"19","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Rheum Dis"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201809-1631LE"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/s13293-018-0176-8","article-title":"Sex differences in pulmonary arterial hypertension: role of infection and autoimmunity in the pathogenesis of disease","volume":"9","author":"Batton","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biol Sex Differ"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201205-0886OC"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.04229-2020"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.13-1291"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.10-3114"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2021.11.004"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0330-2020"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvv106"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.062927"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201403-0483OC"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200809-1472OC"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201605-1024OC","article-title":"Anastrozole in pulmonary arterial hypertension. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"195","author":"Kawut","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202402-0371OC","article-title":"Pulmonary hypertension and anastrozole (PHANTOM): a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"210","author":"Kawut","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201509-1785OC"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.90251.2008"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00746.2012"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2012.12.004"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-018-0604-x","article-title":"Eplerenone attenuates pathological pulmonary vascular rather than right ventricular remodeling in pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"18","author":"Boehm","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Pulm Med"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1686","DOI":"10.21037\/cdt.2020.02.05","article-title":"Mineralocorticoid receptor blockade improves pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular function in bronchopulmonary dysplasia: a case report","volume":"10","author":"Giagnorio","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diagn Ther"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.16196","article-title":"Eplerenone improves pulmonary vascular remodeling and hypertension by inhibition of the mineralocorticoid receptor in endothelial cells","volume":"78","author":"Kowalski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.094722"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000180753.63183.95"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00300.2012"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2045894019898030","DOI":"10.1177\/2045894019898030","article-title":"Spironolactone in pulmonary arterial hypertension: results of a cross-over study","volume":"10","author":"Safdar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pulm Circ"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20458940211025240","DOI":"10.1177\/20458940211025240","article-title":"Vascular cell-specific roles of mineralocorticoid receptors in pulmonary hypertension","volume":"11","author":"Menon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pulm Circ"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2262","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.122.19207","article-title":"Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonism by finerenone attenuates established pulmonary hypertension in rats","volume":"79","author":"Tu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L315","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00238.2021","article-title":"Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist treatment of established pulmonary arterial hypertension improves interventricular dependence in the SU5416-hypoxia rat model","volume":"322","author":"Lu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/ANNUREV-PHYSIOL-031620-123956"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00000508"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e123611","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.123611","article-title":"Human PAH is characterized by a pattern of lipid-related insulin resistance","volume":"4","author":"Hemnes","year":"2019","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.120.018349"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1086\/683813","article-title":"Phase I safety study of ranolazine in pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"5","author":"Gomberg-Maitland","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pulm Circ"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/682427"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2020.10.006"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-020-0406-8"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.040057"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.052503"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12028","DOI":"10.1002\/pul2.12028","article-title":"Emerging therapies: the potential roles SGLT2 inhibitors, GLP1 agonists, and ARNI therapy for ARNI pulmonary hypertension","volume":"12","author":"King","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pulm Circ"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639A","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.2345856","article-title":"Initial data report from \u201cLARIAT\u201d: a phase 2 study of bardoxolone methyl in PAH patients on stable background therapy","volume":"148","author":"Oudiz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000145360.16770.9f"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aao4583"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(21)00032-1","article-title":"Selonsertib in adults with pulmonary arterial hypertension (ARROW): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial","volume":"10","author":"Rosenkranz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201801-0022LE","article-title":"Metformin therapy for pulmonary hypertension associated with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction versus pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"198","author":"Goncharov","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31788","DOI":"10.1038\/srep31788","article-title":"Liraglutide prevents and reverses monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension by suppressing ET-1 and enhancing eNOS\/sGC\/PKG pathways","volume":"6","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.congress-2022.1210"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1402513"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.115.307004"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-023-02499-y"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep23770"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201812-2275OC"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202109-2182LE"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2022.01.005","article-title":"PARP1-PKM2 axis mediates right ventricular failure associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"7","author":"Shimauchi","year":"2022","journal-title":"JACC Basic Transl Sci"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8297","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18168297","article-title":"Novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of right ventricular remodeling: insights from the pulmonary artery banding model","volume":"18","author":"Mamazhakypov","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-04874-4"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201007-1106OC"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vph.2023.107157","article-title":"Histone deacetylase inhibitors synergize with sildenafil to suppress purine metabolism and proliferation in pulmonary hypertension","volume":"149","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vascul Pharmacol"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-024-08485-z","article-title":"StratosPHere 2: study protocol for a response-adaptive randomised placebo-controlled phase II trial to evaluate hydroxychloroquine and phenylbutyrate in pulmonary arterial hypertension caused by mutations in BMPR2","volume":"25","author":"Deliu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121792","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2022.121792","article-title":"Comprehensive review on novel targets and emerging therapeutic modalities for pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"621","author":"Dhoble","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bjp.2008.241"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2045894018759125","DOI":"10.1177\/2045894018759125","article-title":"The serotonin hypothesis in pulmonary hypertension revisited: targets for novel therapies (2017 Grover Conference Series)","volume":"8","author":"MacLean","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pulm Circ"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.591321"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2012.70"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2013.02.002"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00126010"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.172","first-page":"A2496","article-title":"Proof-of-concept study to investigate the efficacy, hemodynamics and tolerability of terguride vs. placebo in subjects with pulmonary arterial hypertension: results of a double blind, randomised, prospective phase IIa study","volume":"185","author":"Ghofrani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2045894020971954","DOI":"10.1177\/2045894020971954","article-title":"Hemodynamic effects of fluoxetine in pulmonary arterial hypertension: an open label pilot study","volume":"10","author":"Sodimu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pulm Circ"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa052744"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.08.030","article-title":"Prenatal exposure to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors and risk for persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and network meta-analysis","volume":"220","author":"Masarwa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1007\/s40272-023-00561-2","article-title":"Benefits and risks of antidepressant drugs during pregnancy: a systematic review of meta-analyses","volume":"25","author":"Desaunay","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pediatr Drugs"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2019.107423","article-title":"Inhibition of serotonin synthesis: a novel therapeutic paradigm","volume":"205","author":"Bader","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12088","DOI":"10.1002\/pul2.12088","article-title":"A trial design to maximize knowledge of the effects of rodatristat ethyl in the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (ELEVATE 2)","volume":"12","author":"Lazarus","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pulm Circ"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(24)00226-1","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of rodatristat ethyl for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (ELEVATE-2): a dose-ranging, randomized, multicentre, phase 2b trial","volume":"12","author":"Sitbon","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-med-041717-085955","article-title":"New and emerging therapies for pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"70","author":"Spiekerkoetter","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annu Rev Med"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000157672.70560.7b"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-11-0083"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000079161.56080.22"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.114.305951"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2006.12.037"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3046.2007.00863.x"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.187","unstructured":"Northern Therapeutics . A Multicentre, Late Phase Clinical Trial to Establish the Efficacy and Safety of Repeating Dosing of Autologous Endothelial Progenitor Cells (EPCs) Transfected With Human Endothelial NO-synthase (eNOS) in Patients with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) on Top of Conventional Treatments. Date last updated: January 2023. https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT03001414"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A4141662","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.150.suppl_1.4141662","article-title":"Abstract 4141662: study of angiogenic cell therapy for progressive pulmonary hypertension: intervention with repeat dosing of eNOS-enhanced EPCs: the SAPPHIRE trial","volume":"150","author":"Stewart","year":"2024","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2318","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21072318","article-title":"Therapeutic use of extracellular vesicles for acute and chronic lung disease","volume":"21","author":"Worthington","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.190","first-page":"I181","article-title":"Implantation of mesenchymal stem cells overexpressing endothelial nitric oxide synthase improves right ventricular impairments caused by pulmonary hypertension","volume":"114","author":"Kanki-Horimoto","year":"2006","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3727\/096368912X640529"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2017.03.002","article-title":"Persistence and proliferation of human mesenchymal stromal cells in the right ventricular myocardium after intracoronary injection in a large animal model of pulmonary hypertension","volume":"19","author":"Badr Eslam","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cytotherapy"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2018-0165OC","article-title":"Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells attenuates pulmonary hypertension by normalizing the endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition","volume":"62","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.4070\/kcj.2016.46.1.79","article-title":"Changes in caspase-3, B cell leukemia\/lymphoma-2, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 and vascular endothelial growth factor gene expression after human umbilical cord blood derived mesenchymal stem cells transfusion in pulmonary hypertension rat models","volume":"46","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Korean Circ J"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104900","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104900","article-title":"The ALPHA phase 1 study: pulmonary ArteriaL hypertension treated with CardiosPHere-Derived allogeneic stem cells","volume":"100","author":"Lewis","year":"2023","journal-title":"eBioMedicine"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(95)00399-1"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000140724.90898.D3"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.111.964494"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.199","first-page":"H542","article-title":"Heart rate reduction improves biventricular function and interactions in experimental pulmonary hypertension","volume":"314","author":"Gomez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201003-0335OC"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physiolgenomics.00166.2012"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2014.11.050"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e95240","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.95240","article-title":"Pulmonary arterial hypertension treatment with carvedilol for heart failure: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"2","author":"Farha","year":"2017","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00090-2016"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00144-2023"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e021518","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.121.021518","article-title":"Carvedilol for treatment of right ventricular dysfunction in pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"10","author":"Thenappan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.10.013"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.4244\/EIJ-D-18-01082","article-title":"Pulmonary artery denervation using catheter-based ultrasonic energy","volume":"15","author":"Rothman","year":"2019","journal-title":"EuroIntervention"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-017-0679-6"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2412","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2022.09.013","article-title":"Pulmonary artery denervation for pulmonary arterial hypertension: a sham-controlled randomized PADN-CFDA Trial","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.4244\/EIJ-D-23-00349","article-title":"A sham-controlled randomised trial of pulmonary artery denervation for group 1 pulmonary arterial hypertension: one-year outcomes of the PADN-CFDA trial","volume":"19","author":"Kan","year":"2023","journal-title":"EuroIntervention"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2019.12.027"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14620"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202102-0446OC"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2021.06.028"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201412-2291OC"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.05.051"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.218","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circresaha.121.319971"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.219","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01908-2018"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204589402096296","DOI":"10.1177\/2045894020962960","article-title":"Novel composite clinical endpoints and risk scores used in clinical trials in pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"10","author":"Sitbon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pulm Circ"},{"key":"2025091505451524000_66.2.2401830.221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01205-2024"}],"container-title":["European Respiratory Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1183\/13993003.01830-2024","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]],"date-time":"2025-09-15T12:46:12Z","timestamp":1757940372000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.ersnet.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.1183\/13993003.01830-2024"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]]},"references-count":221,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1183\/13993003.01830-2024"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/13993003.01830-2024","relation":{},"ISSN":["0903-1936","1399-3003"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0903-1936","type":"print"},{"value":"1399-3003","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]]}}}