{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T21:11:04Z","timestamp":1790629864556,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"European Respiratory Society (ERS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,29]],"date-time":"2024-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716940800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.ersjournals.com\/user-licence"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008593","name":"European Respiratory Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["publications.ersnet.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur Respir J"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,8]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Rationale<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The inflammasome is a key regulatory complex of the inflammatory response leading to interleukin-1\u03b2 (IL-1\u03b2) release and activation. IL-1\u03b2 amplifies inflammatory responses and induces mucus secretion and hyperconcentration in other diseases. The role of IL-1\u03b2 in bronchiectasis has not been investigated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To characterise the role of airway IL-1\u03b2 in bronchiectasis, including the association with mucus properties, ciliary function, airway inflammation, microbiome and disease severity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Stable bronchiectasis patients were enrolled in an international cohort study (n=269). IL-1\u03b2 was measured in sputum supernatant. A validation cohort also had sputum rheology and hydration measured (n=53). For analysis, patients were stratified according to the median value of IL-1\u03b2 in the population (high\n                      <jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic>\n                      low) to compare disease severity, airway infection, microbiome (16S rRNA sequencing), inflammation and caspase-1 activity. Primary human nasal epithelial cells grown in air\u2013liquid interface culture were used to study the effect of IL-1\u03b2 on cilia function.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Patients with high sputum IL-1\u03b2 had more severe disease, increased caspase-1 activity and an increased T-helper type 1, T-helper type 2 and neutrophil inflammatory response compared with patients with low IL-1\u03b2. The active-dominant form of IL-1\u03b2 was associated with increased disease severity. High IL-1\u03b2 was related to higher relative abundance of Proteobacteria in the microbiome and increased mucus solid content and viscoelastic properties. Chronic IL-1\u03b2 treatment reduced the functionality of cilia and tight junctions of epithelial cells\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A subset of stable bronchiectasis patients show increased airway IL-1\u03b2, suggesting pulmonary inflammasome activation is linked with more severe disease, airway infection, mucus dehydration and epithelial dysfunction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01966-2023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,29]],"date-time":"2024-05-29T11:15:15Z","timestamp":1716981315000},"page":"2301966","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/ers-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Airway IL-1\u03b2 is related to disease severity and 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