{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T13:33:20Z","timestamp":1776778400073,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"European Respiratory Society (ERS)","issue":"5","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002722","name":"AllerGen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002722","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Canadian Respiratory Research Network"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["publications.ersnet.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur Respir J"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,19]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The impact of breastfeeding on respiratory health is uncertain, particularly when the mother has asthma. We examined the association of breastfeeding and wheezing in the first year of life.<\/jats:p><jats:p>We studied 2773 infants from the Canadian Healthy Infant Longitudinal Development (CHILD) birth cohort. Caregivers reported on infant feeding and wheezing episodes at 3, 6 and 12\u2005months. Breastfeeding was classified as exclusive, partial (supplemented with formula or complementary foods) or none.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Overall, 21% of mothers had asthma, 46% breastfed for at least 12\u2005months and 21% of infants experienced wheezing. Among mothers with asthma, breastfeeding was inversely associated with infant wheezing, independent of maternal smoking, education and other risk factors (adjusted rate ratio (aRR) 0.52; 95% CI 0.35\u20130.77 for \u226512<jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic>&lt;6\u2005months breastfeeding). Compared with no breastfeeding at 6\u2005months, wheezing was reduced by 62% with exclusive breastfeeding (aRR 0.38; 95% CI 0.20\u20130.71) and by 37% with partial breastfeeding supplemented with complementary foods (aRR 0.63; 95% CI 0.43\u20130.93); however, breastfeeding was not significantly protective when supplemented with formula (aRR 0.89; 95% CI 0.61\u20131.30). Associations were not significant in the absence of maternal asthma (p-value for interaction &lt;0.01).<\/jats:p><jats:p>Breastfeeding appears to confer protection against wheezing in a dose-dependent manner among infants born to mothers with asthma.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02019-2016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,2]],"date-time":"2017-05-02T00:40:33Z","timestamp":1493685633000},"page":"1602019","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/ers-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["Breastfeeding, maternal asthma and wheezing in the first year of life: a\u00a0longitudinal birth cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1183","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5942-4444","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meghan B.","family":"Azad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lorena","family":"Vehling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zihang","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Padmaja","family":"Subbarao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Allan B.","family":"Becker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Piushkumar J.","family":"Mandhane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stuart\u00a0E.","family":"Turvey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diana L.","family":"Lefebvre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Malcolm R.","family":"Sears","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"81","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024101903512921000_49.5.1602019.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1097\/WOX.0b013e318216b41f","article-title":"Wheezing in infancy","volume":"4","author":"El-Gamal","year":"2011","journal-title":"World Allergy Organ J"},{"key":"2024101903512921000_49.5.1602019.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3038.2010.01035.x"},{"key":"2024101903512921000_49.5.1602019.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2007.02784.x"},{"key":"2024101903512921000_49.5.1602019.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201505-0870OC","article-title":"Outcomes of Childhood Asthma and Wheezy Bronchitis. 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