{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:52:44Z","timestamp":1790729564710,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"European Respiratory Society (ERS)","issue":"6","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005646","name":"Actelion Pharmaceuticals","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005646","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"D\u00e9partement Hospitalo-Universitaire Thorax Innovation"},{"name":"Laboratoire d\u2019Excellence en Recherche sur le M\u00e9dicament et l\u2019Innovation Th\u00e9rapeutique"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["publications.ersnet.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur Respir J"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,22]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Treatment for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) has been underpinned by single-agent therapy to which concomitant drugs are added sequentially when pre-defined treatment goals are not met.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>This retrospective analysis of real-world clinical data in 97 patients with newly diagnosed PAH (86% in New\u00a0York Heart Association functional class III\u2212IV) explored initial dual oral combination treatment with bosentan plus sildenafil (n=61), bosentan plus tadalafil (n=17), ambrisentan plus tadalafil (n=11) or ambrisentan plus sildenafil (n=8).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>All regimens were associated with significant improvements in functional class, exercise capacity, dyspnoea and haemodynamic indices after 4\u2005months of therapy. Over a median follow-up period of 30\u2005months, 75 (82%) patients were still alive, 53 (71%) of whom received only dual oral combination therapy. Overall survival rates were 97%, 94% and 83% at 1, 2 and 3\u2005years, respectively, and 96%, 94% and 84%, respectively, for the patients with idiopathic PAH, heritable PAH and anorexigen-induced PAH. Expected survival rates calculated from the French equation for the latter were 86%, 75% and 66% at 1, 2 and 3\u2005years, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Initial combination of oral PAH-targeted medications may offer clinical benefits, especially in PAH patients with severe haemodynamic impairment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02043-2015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,17]],"date-time":"2016-03-17T22:51:21Z","timestamp":1458255081000},"page":"1727-1736","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/ers-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":139,"title":["Initial dual oral combination therapy in pulmonary arterial 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