{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T23:40:53Z","timestamp":1789083653185,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"European Respiratory Society (ERS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,1]],"date-time":"2019-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1559347200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.ersjournals.com\/user-licence"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01-HL077612, R01-HL093081, N01-HC95159, N01-HC951"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-HL077612, R01-HL093081, N01-HC95159, N01-HC951"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000139","name":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R831697"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R831697"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000139","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ersjournals.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur Respir J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Air pollution alters small pulmonary vessels in animal models. We hypothesised that long-term ambient air pollution exposure would be associated with differences in pulmonary vascular volumes in a population-based study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis recruited adults in six US cities. Personalised long-term exposures to ambient black carbon, nitrogen dioxide (NO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>), oxides of nitrogen (NO<jats:italic><jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub><\/jats:italic>), particulate matter with a 50% cut-off aerodynamic diameter of &lt;2.5\u2005\u03bcm (PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>) and ozone were estimated using spatiotemporal models. In 2010\u20132012, total pulmonary vascular volume was measured as the volume of detectable pulmonary arteries and veins, including vessel walls and luminal blood volume, on noncontrast chest computed tomography (TPVV<jats:sub>CT<\/jats:sub>). Peripheral TPVV<jats:sub>CT<\/jats:sub>was limited to the peripheral 2\u2005cm to isolate smaller vessels. Linear regression adjusted for demographics, anthropometrics, smoking, second-hand smoke, renal function and scanner manufacturer.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The mean\u00b1<jats:sc>sd<\/jats:sc>age of the 3023 participants was 69.3\u00b19.3\u2005years; 46% were never-smokers. Mean exposures were 0.80\u2005\u03bcg\u00b7m<jats:sup>\u22123<\/jats:sup>black carbon, 14.6\u2005ppb NO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>and 11.0\u2005\u03bcg\u00b7m<jats:sup>\u22123<\/jats:sup>ambient PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>. Mean\u00b1<jats:sc>sd<\/jats:sc>peripheral TPVV<jats:sub>CT<\/jats:sub>was 79.2\u00b118.2\u2005cm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>and TPVV<jats:sub>CT<\/jats:sub>was 129.3\u00b135.1\u2005cm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>. Greater black carbon exposure was associated with a larger peripheral TPVV<jats:sub>CT<\/jats:sub>, including after adjustment for city (mean difference 0.41 (95% CI 0.03\u20130.79)\u2005cm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>per interquartile range; p=0.036). Associations for peripheral TPVV<jats:sub>CT<\/jats:sub>with NO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>were similar but nonsignificant after city adjustment, while those for PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>were of similar magnitude but nonsignificant after full adjustment. There were no associations for NO<jats:italic><jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub><\/jats:italic>or ozone, or between any pollutant and TPVV<jats:sub>CT<\/jats:sub>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Long-term black carbon exposure was associated with a larger peripheral TPVV<jats:sub>CT<\/jats:sub>, suggesting diesel exhaust may contribute to remodelling of small pulmonary vessels in the general population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02116-2018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,6]],"date-time":"2019-06-06T04:29:05Z","timestamp":1559795345000},"page":"1802116","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/ers-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Ambient air pollution and pulmonary vascular volume on computed tomography: the MESA Air Pollution and Lung cohort studies"],"prefix":"10.1183","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Carrie P.","family":"Aaron","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric A.","family":"Hoffman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven M.","family":"Kawut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John H.M.","family":"Austin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Budoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erin D.","family":"Michos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Hinckley Stukovsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Coralynn","family":"Sack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam A.","family":"Szpiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karol D.","family":"Watson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4174-9037","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joel D.","family":"Kaufman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. Graham","family":"Barr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"81","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2019060521290013000_53.6.1802116.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lippman M , Leikauf GD . Introduction and background. In: Lippman M , ed. Environmental Toxicants. 3rd Edn. New\u00a0York, Wiley, 2009; pp. 1\u201338.","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470442890.ch1"},{"key":"2019060521290013000_53.6.1802116.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weibel ER . Morphometry of the Human Lung. Berlin, Springer, 1963.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-87553-3"},{"key":"2019060521290013000_53.6.1802116.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.10.121","article-title":"Diesel exhaust inhalation exposure induces pulmonary arterial hypertension in mice","volume":"237","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ Pollut"},{"key":"2019060521290013000_53.6.1802116.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1080\/08958370500444247","article-title":"Chronic exposure to urban air pollution induces structural alterations in murine pulmonary and coronary arteries","volume":"18","author":"Lemos","year":"2006","journal-title":"Inhal Toxicol"},{"key":"2019060521290013000_53.6.1802116.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfi137"},{"key":"2019060521290013000_53.6.1802116.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.108.176107"},{"key":"2019060521290013000_53.6.1802116.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.11027"},{"key":"2019060521290013000_53.6.1802116.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00149.2015"},{"key":"2019060521290013000_53.6.1802116.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.9641"},{"key":"2019060521290013000_53.6.1802116.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201312-2298OC","article-title":"Traffic-related air pollution and the right ventricle. The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis","volume":"189","author":"Leary","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2019060521290013000_53.6.1802116.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1166","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1409451","article-title":"Particulate matter exposure and cardiopulmonary differences in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis","volume":"124","author":"Aaron","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"2019060521290013000_53.6.1802116.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636240","DOI":"10.1155\/2009\/636240","article-title":"Segmentation of pulmonary vascular trees from thoracic 3D CT images","volume":"2009","author":"Shikata","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Biomed Imaging"},{"key":"2019060521290013000_53.6.1802116.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0176180","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0176180","article-title":"Pulmonary vascular volume, impaired left ventricular filling and dyspnea: the MESA Lung Study","volume":"12","author":"Aaron","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2019060521290013000_53.6.1802116.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwf113"},{"key":"2019060521290013000_53.6.1802116.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kws169"},{"key":"2019060521290013000_53.6.1802116.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-152-4-201002160-00004"},{"key":"2019060521290013000_53.6.1802116.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201506-1208PP"},{"key":"2019060521290013000_53.6.1802116.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1408145","article-title":"A unified spatiotemporal modeling approach for predicting concentrations of multiple air pollutants in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and Air Pollution","volume":"123","author":"Keller","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"2019060521290013000_53.6.1802116.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2011.04.073"},{"key":"2019060521290013000_53.6.1802116.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es8030837"},{"key":"2019060521290013000_53.6.1802116.21","unstructured":"MESA. MESA Exam 5: Field Center Procedures: Manual of Operations. 2010. www.mesa-nhlbi.org\/PublicDocs\/2011\/MESAE5_MOPJanuary2011.pdf Date last accessed: March 24, 2019."},{"key":"2019060521290013000_53.6.1802116.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-130-6-199903160-00002"},{"key":"2019060521290013000_53.6.1802116.23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1206337","article-title":"Air pollution and individual and neighborhood socioeconomic status:\u00a0evidence from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)","volume":"121","author":"Hajat","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"2019060521290013000_53.6.1802116.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.05.078"},{"key":"2019060521290013000_53.6.1802116.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.113.001073"},{"key":"2019060521290013000_53.6.1802116.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.05.00034805"},{"key":"2019060521290013000_53.6.1802116.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.09-0919"},{"key":"2019060521290013000_53.6.1802116.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199001000-00010"},{"issue":"Suppl.","key":"2019060521290013000_53.6.1802116.29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235S","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.88.4_Supplement.235S","article-title":"The site and mechanism of oxygen sensing for the pulmonary vessels","volume":"88","author":"Hales","year":"1985","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2019060521290013000_53.6.1802116.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.200603-086MS"},{"key":"2019060521290013000_53.6.1802116.31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1919","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.157.6.9704110","article-title":"Synergistic hemodynamic effects of low-dose endotoxin and acute lung injury","volume":"157","author":"Gust","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2019060521290013000_53.6.1802116.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201411-2120OC"},{"key":"2019060521290013000_53.6.1802116.33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0162516","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0162516","article-title":"Automated 3D volumetry of the pulmonary arteries based on magnetic resonance angiography has potential for predicting pulmonary hypertension","volume":"11","author":"Rengier","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2019060521290013000_53.6.1802116.34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e170","DOI":"10.1097\/RLU.0000000000002085","article-title":"Quantitation of perfused lung volume using hybrid SPECT\/CT allows refining the assessment of lung perfusion and estimating disease extent in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension","volume":"43","author":"Derlin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Nucl Med"},{"key":"2019060521290013000_53.6.1802116.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00432-2016"},{"key":"2019060521290013000_53.6.1802116.36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e3182a17e5b","article-title":"Pulmonary blood flow increases in damaged regions directly after acid aspiration in rats","volume":"119","author":"Richter","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"2019060521290013000_53.6.1802116.37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.3233\/CH-141867","article-title":"Effects of pulmonary acid aspiration on the regional pulmonary blood flow within the first hour after injury: an observational study in rats","volume":"60","author":"Richter","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Hemorheol Microcirc"},{"key":"2019060521290013000_53.6.1802116.38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-015-0013-0","article-title":"Reduced pulmonary blood flow in regions of injury 2 hours after acid aspiration in rats","volume":"15","author":"Richter","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Anesthesiol"},{"key":"2019060521290013000_53.6.1802116.39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.200406-035MS","article-title":"Systemic response to ambient particulate matter: relevance to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"21","author":"van Eeden","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"2019060521290013000_53.6.1802116.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.12111001"},{"key":"2019060521290013000_53.6.1802116.41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201506-1196OC","article-title":"Quantitative dual-energy computed tomography supports a vascular etiology of smoking-induced inflammatory lung disease","volume":"193","author":"Iyer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2019060521290013000_53.6.1802116.42"},{"key":"2019060521290013000_53.6.1802116.43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.029376"},{"key":"2019060521290013000_53.6.1802116.44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.003532"},{"key":"2019060521290013000_53.6.1802116.45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201301-0162OC"},{"key":"2019060521290013000_53.6.1802116.46","first-page":"549","article-title":"Vascular effects of cigarette smoke in isolated pig lungs","volume":"124","author":"Gilman","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"2019060521290013000_53.6.1802116.47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/89961"},{"key":"2019060521290013000_53.6.1802116.48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000809","article-title":"Exposure to traffic emissions and fine particulate matter and computed tomography measures of the lung and airways","volume":"29","author":"Rice","year":"2018","journal-title":"Epidemiology"}],"container-title":["European Respiratory Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1183\/13993003.02116-2018","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,24]],"date-time":"2025-02-24T07:39:01Z","timestamp":1740382741000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.ersnet.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.1183\/13993003.02116-2018"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,5]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1183\/13993003.02116-2018"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/13993003.02116-2018","relation":{},"ISSN":["0903-1936","1399-3003"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0903-1936","type":"print"},{"value":"1399-3003","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]}}}