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<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants from the Genetic Epidemiology of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease study (COPDGene) and Age Gene\/Environment Susceptibility (AGES)-Reykjavik studies with ILA assessment, clinical CHD and coronary artery calcium (CAC) data were included. In both cohorts, CHD was defined by clinical history and additionally by CAC &gt;100. Multivariable logistic regression assessed the relationship between ILA and CHD; Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess mortality associated with ILA and CHD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>9% of participants with CHD had ILA in both COPDGene and AGES-Reykjavik. Participants with ILA had increased odds of CHD defined by clinical history in COPDGene (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.2\u20132.0; p&lt;0.001) and AGES-Reykjavik (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.2\u20132.0; p&lt;0.001); similar results were seen with CAC &gt;100. In both COPDGene and AGES-Reykjavik, participants with both CHD and ILA had a greater risk of death compared to those with CHD but without ILA (HR 2.0, 95% CI 1.4\u20132.7; p&lt;0.001; and HR 1.3, 95% CI 1.1\u20131.4; p&lt;0.001, respectively). In AGES-Reykjavik, ILA was associated with an over 9-fold increase in the odds of a respiratory death (OR 9.6, 95% CI 3.2\u201329.0; p&lt;0.0001) among participants with CHD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ILA are a common co-occurrence with CHD and associated with worse mortality, suggesting that ILA are a clinically important comorbidity in patients with CHD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02286-2024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]],"date-time":"2025-07-03T10:55:17Z","timestamp":1751540117000},"page":"2402286","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/ers-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Interstitial lung abnormalities, coronary heart disease and mortality"],"prefix":"10.1183","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Claire 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