{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T11:49:02Z","timestamp":1790336942111,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"European Respiratory Society (ERS)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["publications.ersnet.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur Respir J"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,19]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Recent reports from worldwide pulmonary hypertension registries show a new demographic picture for patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH), with an increasing prevalence among the elderly.<\/jats:p><jats:p>We aimed to investigate the effects of age and comorbidity on risk stratification and outcome of patients with incident IPAH.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The study population (n=264) was categorised into four age groups: 18\u201345, 46\u201364, 65\u201374 and \u226575\u2005years. Individual risk profiles were determined according to a risk assessment instrument, based on the European Society of Cardiology and the European Respiratory Society guidelines. The change in risk group from baseline to follow-up (median 5\u2005months) and survival were compared across age groups. In the two youngest age groups, a significant number of patients improved (18\u201345\u2005years, Z=\u2005\u22124.613, p&lt;0.001; 46\u201364\u2005years, Z=\u2005\u22122.125, p=0.034), but no significant improvement was found in the older patient groups. 5-year survival was highest in patients aged 18\u201345\u2005years (88%), while the survival rates were 63%, 56% and 36% for patients in the groups 46\u201364, 65\u201374 and \u226575\u2005years, respectively (p&lt;0.001). Ischaemic heart disease and kidney dysfunction independently predicted survival.<\/jats:p><jats:p>These findings highlight the importance of age and specific comorbidities as prognostic markers of outcome in addition to established risk assessment algorithms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02310-2017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,5]],"date-time":"2018-04-05T11:55:10Z","timestamp":1522929310000},"page":"1702310","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/ers-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":128,"title":["Impact of age and comorbidity on risk stratification in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension"],"prefix":"10.1183","volume":"51","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2395-8989","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clara","family":"Hjalmarsson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00f6ran","family":"R\u00e5degran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Kylhammar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bengt","family":"Rundqvist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonas","family":"Multing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magnus D.","family":"Nisell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbro","family":"Kjellstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"81","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024102100252178000_51.5.1702310.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-115-5-343"},{"key":"2024102100252178000_51.5.1702310.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2010.08.003"},{"key":"2024102100252178000_51.5.1702310.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-107-2-216"},{"key":"2024102100252178000_51.5.1702310.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.104.1.236"},{"key":"2024102100252178000_51.5.1702310.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv317"},{"key":"2024102100252178000_51.5.1702310.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.10.023"},{"key":"2024102100252178000_51.5.1702310.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.09-1140"},{"key":"2024102100252178000_51.5.1702310.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.10-0075"},{"key":"2024102100252178000_51.5.1702310.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.06-1571"},{"key":"2024102100252178000_51.5.1702310.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2012.10.026"},{"key":"2024102100252178000_51.5.1702310.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200510-1668OC"},{"key":"2024102100252178000_51.5.1702310.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.11-3241"},{"key":"2024102100252178000_51.5.1702310.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.13-1900"},{"key":"2024102100252178000_51.5.1702310.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.05.047"},{"key":"2024102100252178000_51.5.1702310.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1007\/s00408-012-9425-5","article-title":"Pulmonary arterial hypertension in the elderly-clinical characteristics and long-term survival","volume":"190","author":"Shimony","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lung"},{"key":"2024102100252178000_51.5.1702310.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1413687"},{"key":"2024102100252178000_51.5.1702310.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1503184"},{"key":"2024102100252178000_51.5.1702310.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.11-0676"},{"key":"2024102100252178000_51.5.1702310.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0077-2016"},{"key":"2024102100252178000_51.5.1702310.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kylhammar D , Kjellstrom B , Hjalmarsson C , et\u00a0al. 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