{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:20:48Z","timestamp":1787019648417,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"European Respiratory Society (ERS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/publications.ersnet.org\/user-licence"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["publications.ersnet.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur Respir J"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02374-2025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T17:35:21Z","timestamp":1772732121000},"page":"2502374","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/ers-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The complexity of outcome assessment in trials of symptomatic management for people living with persistent breathlessness: challenges and opportunities"],"prefix":"10.1183","volume":"67","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1827-9869","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daisy J.A.","family":"Janssen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miriam J.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"81","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026030509351429000_67.3.2502374.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1097\/SPC.0000000000000377","article-title":"Pathophysiological mechanisms of exertional breathlessness in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and interstitial lung disease","volume":"12","author":"Jensen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Opin Support Palliat Care"},{"key":"2026030509351429000_67.3.2502374.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00252-2023"},{"key":"2026030509351429000_67.3.2502374.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2470566","DOI":"10.1080\/25310429.2025.2470566","article-title":"Quality of life associated with breathlessness in the multinational Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) study: a cross-sectional analysis","volume":"31","author":"Muller","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pulmonology"},{"key":"2026030509351429000_67.3.2502374.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjresp-2023-002029"},{"key":"2026030509351429000_67.3.2502374.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01109-2025"},{"key":"2026030509351429000_67.3.2502374.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1097\/SPC.0000000000000752","article-title":"Fan therapy for breathlessness \u2013 how do you do it and why?","volume":"19","author":"Luckett","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr Opin Support Palliat Care"},{"key":"2026030509351429000_67.3.2502374.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10499091211056327"},{"key":"2026030509351429000_67.3.2502374.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e002029","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02215-2022","article-title":"Sensory interventions to relieve dyspnoea in critically ill mechanically ventilated patients","volume":"63","author":"Bureau","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"2026030509351429000_67.3.2502374.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2023.03.005","article-title":"Efficacy of supplemental oxygen for dyspnea relief in patients with advanced progressive illness: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"61","author":"Hasegawa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Respir Investig"},{"key":"2026030509351429000_67.3.2502374.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0025-2024"},{"key":"2026030509351429000_67.3.2502374.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0012-2024"},{"key":"2026030509351429000_67.3.2502374.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0265-2023"},{"key":"2026030509351429000_67.3.2502374.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(25)00205-X","article-title":"Morphine for chronic breathlessness (MABEL) in the UK: a multi-site, parallel-group, dose titration, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"13","author":"Johnson","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"2026030509351429000_67.3.2502374.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.20206"},{"key":"2026030509351429000_67.3.2502374.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01484-2022"},{"key":"2026030509351429000_67.3.2502374.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-684X-10-15"},{"key":"2026030509351429000_67.3.2502374.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1478951509000200"},{"key":"2026030509351429000_67.3.2502374.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1177\/02692163211032114","article-title":"Professionals\u2019, patients\u2019 and families\u2019 views on the use of opioids for chronic breathlessness: a systematic review using the framework method and pillar process","volume":"35","author":"Reedy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Palliat Med"},{"key":"2026030509351429000_67.3.2502374.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0294748"},{"key":"2026030509351429000_67.3.2502374.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1080\/15412555.2018.1502264","article-title":"Differing approaches to managing the chronic breathlessness syndrome in advanced COPD: a multi-national survey of specialists","volume":"15","author":"Smallwood","year":"2018","journal-title":"COPD"},{"key":"2026030509351429000_67.3.2502374.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1097\/SPC.0000000000000448","article-title":"Differences between experienced and recalled breathlessness: a review","volume":"13","author":"Sandberg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Opin Support Palliat Care"},{"key":"2026030509351429000_67.3.2502374.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e65653","DOI":"10.2196\/65653","article-title":"Bidirectional associations between physical activity, sedentary behavior, and daily symptoms in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: longitudinal observational study","volume":"13","author":"Palmen","year":"2025","journal-title":"JMIR Mhealth Uhealth"},{"key":"2026030509351429000_67.3.2502374.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.120.000028"},{"key":"2026030509351429000_67.3.2502374.24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1097\/SPC.0000000000000444","article-title":"Why treatment efficacy on breathlessness in laboratory but not daily life trials? The importance of standardized exertion","volume":"13","author":"Ekstr\u00f6m","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Opin Support Palliat Care"},{"key":"2026030509351429000_67.3.2502374.25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.202305-394OC","article-title":"Normative reference equations for breathlessness intensity during incremental cardiopulmonary cycle exercise testing","volume":"21","author":"Ekstr\u00f6m","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"2026030509351429000_67.3.2502374.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02471-2018"},{"key":"2026030509351429000_67.3.2502374.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7414.523"},{"key":"2026030509351429000_67.3.2502374.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201111-2042ST"},{"key":"2026030509351429000_67.3.2502374.29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1097\/SPC.0000000000000146","article-title":"Psychosocial consequences of living with breathlessness due to advanced disease","volume":"9","author":"Janssen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Opin Support Palliat Care"},{"key":"2026030509351429000_67.3.2502374.30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e829","DOI":"10.1136\/spcare-2022-003693","article-title":"Morphine for chronic breathlessness in COPD: improvement predictors-cross-sectional study","volume":"13","author":"Verberkt","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMJ Support Palliat Care"},{"key":"2026030509351429000_67.3.2502374.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00530-2022"},{"key":"2026030509351429000_67.3.2502374.32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2019.02.017","article-title":"The hand-held fan and the calming hand for people with chronic breathlessness: a feasibility trial","volume":"57","author":"Swan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manage"},{"key":"2026030509351429000_67.3.2502374.33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2015.10.005","article-title":"Blinded patient preference for morphine compared to placebo in the setting of chronic refractory breathlessness\u2014an exploratory study","volume":"51","author":"Ferreira","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manage"},{"key":"2026030509351429000_67.3.2502374.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-063061"}],"container-title":["European Respiratory Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1183\/13993003.02374-2025","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T17:35:23Z","timestamp":1772732123000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.ersnet.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.1183\/13993003.02374-2025"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1183\/13993003.02374-2025"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/13993003.02374-2025","relation":{},"ISSN":["0903-1936","1399-3003"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0903-1936","type":"print"},{"value":"1399-3003","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}}}