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The apnoea\u2013hypopnoea index was measured during REM and non-REM sleep (as REM-AHI and NREM-AHI, respectively). Regression models were used to explore the associations between REM-SDB and hypertension, diabetes, metabolic syndrome and depression in the entire cohort and in subgroups with NREM-AHI &lt;10 events\u00b7h<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>and total AHI &lt;10 events\u00b7h<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The prevalence of REM-AHI \u226520 events\u00b7h<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>was 40.8% in the entire cohort. An association between increasing REM-AHI and metabolic syndrome was found in the entire cohort and in both the NREM-AHI and AHI subgroups (p-trend=0.014, &lt;0.0001 and 0.015, respectively). An association was also found between REM-AHI \u226520 events\u00b7h<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>and diabetes in both the NREM-AHI &lt;10 events\u00b7h<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>(odds ratio (OR) 3.12 (95% CI 1.35\u20137.20)) and AHI &lt;10 events\u00b7h<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>(OR 2.92 (95% CI 1.12\u20137.63)) subgroups. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were positively associated with REM-AHI \u226520 events\u00b7h<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>.<\/jats:p><jats:p>REM-SDB is highly prevalent in our middle-to-older age sample and is independently associated with metabolic syndrome and diabetes. These findings suggest that an increase in REM-AHI could be clinically relevant.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02484-2017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,5]],"date-time":"2018-07-05T14:25:36Z","timestamp":1530800736000},"page":"1702484","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/ers-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["REM-associated sleep apnoea: prevalence and clinical significance in the HypnoLaus 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