{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T01:37:26Z","timestamp":1778031446926,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"European Respiratory Society (ERS)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["publications.ersnet.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur Respir J"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Approximately 72% of tuberculosis (TB) cases in England occur among non-UK born individuals, mostly as a result of reactivation of latent TB infection (LTBI). Programmatic LTBI screening is a key intervention of the TB strategy for England. This article reviews the results of a long-standing LTBI screening initiative in England.<\/jats:p><jats:p>A retrospective cohort was created through probabilistic linkage between LTBI screening data and national TB case notifications. Screened persons were followed until they died, became a case, emigrated or until cohort-end. TB incidence rates and rate ratios (IRR) were calculated.<\/jats:p><jats:p>97 out of 1820 individuals screened for LTBI were reported to have active TB. Crude incidence rates among LTBI-positive, treatment-na\u00efve individuals were 4.1 and 2.3 per 100\u2005person-years in the QuantiFERON and tuberculin skin test cohorts, respectively. Among the QuantiFERON cohort, Poisson regression showed that LTBI positivity (IRR 22.6, 95% CI 6.8\u201374.6) and no chemoprophylaxis increased the probability of becoming a TB case (IRR 0.17, 95% CI 0.05\u20130.6).<\/jats:p><jats:p>We found high TB rates in LTBI-positive, treatment-na\u00efve individuals and a strong association between no treatment and becoming a TB case, demonstrating feasibility and effectiveness of LTBI screening and providing important policy lessons for LTBI screening in England and beyond.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02505-2016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,28]],"date-time":"2017-07-28T00:10:16Z","timestamp":1501200616000},"page":"1602505","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/ers-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Evaluating 17\u2005years of latent tuberculosis infection screening in north-west England: a retrospective cohort study\u00a0of\u00a0reactivation"],"prefix":"10.1183","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Dominik","family":"Zenner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miranda G.","family":"Loutet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3190-7281","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ross","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L. Peter","family":"Ormerod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"81","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024101904155779000_50.1.1602505.1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Global Tuberculosis Report 2016. www.who.int\/tb\/publications\/global_report\/en\/ Date last accessed: February 11, 2017."},{"key":"2024101904155779000_50.1.1602505.2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Global Strategy and Targets for Tuberculosis Prevention, Care and Control after 2015. www.who.int\/tb\/post2015_strategy\/en\/ Date last accessed: May 21, 2017. Date last updated: 2014."},{"key":"2024101904155779000_50.1.1602505.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00214014"},{"key":"2024101904155779000_50.1.1602505.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00198813"},{"key":"2024101904155779000_50.1.1602505.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01245-2015"},{"key":"2024101904155779000_50.1.1602505.6","first-page":"CD001363","article-title":"Isoniazid for preventing tuberculosis in non-HIV infected persons","volume":"2","author":"Smieja","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2024101904155779000_50.1.1602505.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M14-1019"},{"key":"2024101904155779000_50.1.1602505.8","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Tuberculosis. Nice Guideline NG33. www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/ng33 Date last accessed: May 21, 2017. Date last updated: May 2016."},{"key":"2024101904155779000_50.1.1602505.9","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Guidelines on the Management of Latent Tuberculosis Infection. www.who.int\/tb\/publications\/ltbi_document_page\/en\/ Date last accessed: May 21, 2017. Date last updated: 2014."},{"key":"2024101904155779000_50.1.1602505.10","unstructured":"Public Health England. Tuberculosis in England 2016 Report. www.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/581238\/TB_Annual_Report_2016_GTW2309_errata_v1.2.pdf Date last accessed: May 21, 2017."},{"key":"2024101904155779000_50.1.1602505.11","unstructured":"Public Health England. Collaborative Tuberculosis Strategy for England: 2015 to 2020. www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/collaborative-tuberculosis-strategy-for-england Date last accessed: May 21, 2017. Date last updated: 2015."},{"key":"2024101904155779000_50.1.1602505.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.49.12.1193"},{"key":"2024101904155779000_50.1.1602505.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdt110"},{"key":"2024101904155779000_50.1.1602505.14","unstructured":"Newcombe HB . Handbook of Record Linkage. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1988."},{"key":"2024101904155779000_50.1.1602505.15","unstructured":"Potz N , Powell D . Manual for the Probabilistic Linkage of Infection and Death Records. London, Health Protection Agency, 2007."},{"key":"2024101904155779000_50.1.1602505.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0136179"},{"key":"2024101904155779000_50.1.1602505.17","unstructured":"Home Office. Migration Statistics. www.gov.uk\/government\/collections\/migration-statistics Date last accessed: December 8, 2016. Date last updated: February 23, 2017."},{"key":"2024101904155779000_50.1.1602505.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rubin DB . Multiple Imputation for Nonresponse in Surveys. Hoboken, John Wiley & Sons, 1987.","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470316696"},{"key":"2024101904155779000_50.1.1602505.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.11-3157"},{"key":"2024101904155779000_50.1.1602505.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(11)70210-9"},{"key":"2024101904155779000_50.1.1602505.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00115110"},{"key":"2024101904155779000_50.1.1602505.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201502-0232OC"},{"key":"2024101904155779000_50.1.1602505.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2013-203254"},{"key":"2024101904155779000_50.1.1602505.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(11)70069-X"},{"key":"2024101904155779000_50.1.1602505.25","first-page":"1619","article-title":"exogenous reinfection as a cause of late recurrent tuberculosis in the United States","volume":"12","author":"Interrante","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"}],"container-title":["European Respiratory Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1183\/13993003.02505-2016","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,24]],"date-time":"2025-02-24T06:42:47Z","timestamp":1740379367000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.ersnet.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.1183\/13993003.02505-2016"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,7]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,27]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1183\/13993003.02505-2016"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/13993003.02505-2016","relation":{},"ISSN":["0903-1936","1399-3003"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0903-1936","type":"print"},{"value":"1399-3003","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,7]]}}}