{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T13:21:34Z","timestamp":1791897694677,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"European Respiratory Society (ERS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,14]],"date-time":"2021-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610582400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.ersjournals.com\/user-licence"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003141","name":"Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FOSISS 290645"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FOSISS 290645"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003141","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Tecnolog\u00eda e Innovaci\u00f3n de la Ciudad de Mexico","award":["SECITI\/115\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SECITI\/115\/2017"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["publications.ersnet.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur Respir J"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,22]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Around 8\u201310% of individuals over 50\u2005years of age present interstitial lung abnormalities (ILAs), but their risk factors are uncertain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      From 817 individuals recruited in our lung ageing programme at the Mexican National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, 80 (9.7%) showed ILAs and were compared with 564 individuals of the same cohort with normal high-resolution computed tomography to evaluate demographic and functional differences, and with 80 individuals randomly selected from the same cohort for biomarkers. We evaluated\n                      <jats:italic>MUC5B<\/jats:italic>\n                      variant rs35705950, telomere length, and serum levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-7, MMP-8, MMP-9, MMP-12, MMP-13, interleukin (IL)-6, surfactant protein (SP)-D, \u03b1-Klotho and resistin.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Individuals with ILAs were usually males (p&lt;0.005), older than controls (p&lt;0.0001), smokers (p=0.01), with a greater frequency of\n                      <jats:italic>MUC5B<\/jats:italic>\n                      rs35705950 (OR 3.5, 95% CI 1.3\u20139.4; p=0.01), and reduced diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide and oxygen saturation. Resistin, IL-6, SP-D, MMP-1, MMP-7 and MMP-13 were significantly increased in individuals with ILAs. Resistin (12\u00b15\n                      <jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic>\n                      9\u00b14\u2005ng\u00b7mL\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      ; p=0.0005) and MMP-13 (357\u00b1143\n                      <jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic>\n                      298\u00b1116\u2005pg\u00b7mL\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      ; p=0.004) were the most increased biomarkers. On follow-up (24\u00b118\u2005months), 18 individuals showed progression which was associated with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (OR 4.1, 95% CI 1.2\u201312.9; p=0.02) and in females with diabetes mellitus (OR 5.3, 95% CI 1.0\u201327.4; p=0.01).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Around 10% of respiratory asymptomatic individuals enrolled in our lung ageing programme show ILAs. Increased serum concentrations of pro-inflammatory molecules and MMPs are associated with ILAs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.03005-2020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,14]],"date-time":"2021-01-14T13:02:04Z","timestamp":1610629324000},"page":"2003005","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/ers-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Risk factors associated with the development of interstitial lung 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