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Although PH in such a context is usually mild, a minority of patients exhibit severe haemodynamic impairment, defined by a mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) of \u226535\u2005mmHg or mPAP values ranging between 25\u2005mmHg and 35\u2005mmHg with a low cardiac index (&lt;2\u2005L\u00b7min<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\u00b7m<jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>). The overlap between lung parenchymal disease and PH heavily affects life expectancy in such a patient population and complicates their therapeutic management. In this review we illustrate the pathological features and the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of pulmonary circulation in chronic lung diseases, with an emphasis on COPD, IPF and obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0003-2017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,29]],"date-time":"2017-06-29T00:10:13Z","timestamp":1498695013000},"page":"170003","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/ers-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Pulmonary hypertensive vasculopathy in parenchymal lung diseases and\/or hypoxia"],"prefix":"10.1183","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Maria Rosa","family":"Ghigna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wolter 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