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Nasal high flow has been used as a prophylactic tool or as a treatment device mostly in patients with acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure, with the majority of studies showing positive results. Recently, its clinical indications have been expanded to post-extubated patients in intensive care or following surgery, for pre- and peri-oxygenation during intubation, during bronchoscopy, in immunocompromised patients and in patients with \u201cdo not intubate\u201d status. In the present review, we differentiate studies that suggest an advantage (benefit) from other studies that do not suggest an advantage (no benefit) compared to conventional oxygen devices or noninvasive ventilation, and propose an algorithm in cases of nasal high flow application in patients with acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure of almost any cause.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0028-2017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,10]],"date-time":"2017-08-10T00:10:31Z","timestamp":1502323831000},"page":"170028","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/ers-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["Nasal high flow therapy: a novel treatment rather than a more expensive oxygen 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