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Moreover, pitfalls of NPPV reduce its rate of success; consistently, a clear plan of what to do in case of NPPV failure should be considered, especially for patients managed in unprotected setting. NPPV failure is likely to be reduced by the application of integrated therapeutic tools in selected patients handled by expert teams.<\/jats:p><jats:p>In conclusion, NPPV has to be considered as a rational art and not just as an application of science, which requires the ability of clinicians to both choose case-by-case the best \u201cingredients\u201d for a \u201csuccessful recipe\u201d (<jats:italic>i.e.<\/jats:italic>patient selection, interface, ventilator, interface,<jats:italic>etc<\/jats:italic>.) and to avoid a delayed intubation if the ventilation attempt fails.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0029-2018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,11]],"date-time":"2018-07-11T08:15:48Z","timestamp":1531296948000},"page":"180029","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/ers-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":106,"title":["Noninvasive ventilation in acute respiratory failure: which recipe for success?"],"prefix":"10.1183","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Raffaele","family":"Scala","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lara","family":"Pisani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"81","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024102403360011000_27.149.180029.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60496-7"},{"key":"2024102403360011000_27.149.180029.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-005-0050-0"},{"key":"2024102403360011000_27.149.180029.3","first-page":"62","article-title":"Where should noninvasive ventilation be delivered?","volume":"54","author":"Hill","year":"2009","journal-title":"Respir Care"},{"key":"2024102403360011000_27.149.180029.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-016-0310-5","article-title":"Challenges on non-invasive ventilation to treat acute respiratory failure in the elderly","volume":"16","author":"Scala","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Pulm Med"},{"key":"2024102403360011000_27.149.180029.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Scala R , Nava S . 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