{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T04:36:44Z","timestamp":1792816604987,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"European Respiratory Society (ERS)","issue":"177","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["publications.ersnet.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur Respir Rev"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Several studies have reported lung function impairment following COVID-19. Less is known about the subsequent recovery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Research question<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>What is the recovery in lung function after COVID-19 during the first year after infection?<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies that monitored individuals\u2019 lung function from the time of infection to at least 1 year after infection. Primary outcomes were change in percent predicted forced expiratory volumes in 1 s (FEV\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      ), forced vital capacity (FVC) and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (\n                      <jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>LCO<\/jats:sub>\n                      ). Mean differences (MDs) with 95% confidence intervals were estimated using a random effects model.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We included 23 studies (n=3347 participants). 20 (86.9%) studies had their first follow-up 3 months after infection and 21 (91.3%) had their second follow-up 12 months after infection. The MDs between the second and first follow-up visits of FEV\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      , FVC and\n                      <jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>LCO<\/jats:sub>\n                      were 3.1% (95% CI 1.8\u20134.5; p&lt;0.01), 4.4% (95% CI 2.7\u20136.0; p&lt;0.01) and 6.6% (95% CI 4.4\u20138.9; p&lt;0.01), respectively. Recovery of FEV\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      , FVC and\n                      <jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>LCO<\/jats:sub>\n                      was greater in mechanically ventilated patients compared to individuals with less severe disease. Current smoking status, pre-existing chronic lung disease and age did not impact recovery during the first year after infection.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Recovery in lung function was evident during the first year after COVID-19, with the largest improvement in patients with the most severe infection. Further follow-up and large-scale studies are warranted to establish recovery trajectories of COVID-19 and other respiratory infections to identify patient subgroups needing additional follow-up to ascertain modifiable factors influencing pulmonary recovery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0029-2025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]],"date-time":"2025-08-20T08:30:12Z","timestamp":1755678612000},"page":"250029","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/ers-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Recovery of lung function during the first year after COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1183","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Katrine K.","family":"Iversen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcus 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