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Traditionally, lung allograft rejection has been considered primarily as a manifestation of cellular immune responses. However, in reality, an array of complex, interacting and multifactorial mechanisms contribute to its emergence. Alloimmune-dependent mechanisms, including T-cell-mediated rejection and antibody-mediated rejection, as well as non-alloimmune injuries, have been implicated. Moreover, a role has emerged for autoimmune responses to lung self-antigens in the development of chronic graft injury. The aim of this review is to summarise the immune processes involved in the pathogenesis of chronic lung allograft dysfunction, with advanced insights into the role of innate immune pathways and crosstalk between innate and adaptive immunity, and to identify gaps in current knowledge.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0060-2022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,28]],"date-time":"2022-07-28T05:51:48Z","timestamp":1658987508000},"page":"220060","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/ers-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Immune processes in the pathogenesis of chronic lung allograft dysfunction: identifying the missing pieces of the 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