{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T02:02:12Z","timestamp":1793412132024,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":150,"publisher":"European Respiratory Society (ERS)","issue":"160","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,23]],"date-time":"2021-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624406400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ersjournals.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur Respir Rev"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Epigenetic modifications are emerging as important regulatory mechanisms of gene expression in lung disease, given that they are influenced by environmental exposures and genetic variants, and that they regulate immune and fibrotic processes. In this review, we introduce these concepts with a focus on the study of DNA methylation and histone modifications and discuss how they have been applied to lung disease, and how they can be applied to sarcoidosis. This information has implications for other exposure and immunologically mediated lung diseases, such as chronic beryllium disease, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, and asbestosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0076-2021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,24]],"date-time":"2021-06-24T03:00:13Z","timestamp":1624503613000},"page":"210076","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/ers-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Epigenetics and sarcoidosis"],"prefix":"10.1183","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Iain R.","family":"Konigsberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa A.","family":"Maier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivana V.","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"81","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-genet-120417-031404"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-020-02036-w","article-title":"Protection from DNA re-methylation by transcription factors in primordial germ cells and pre-implantation embryos can explain trans-generational epigenetic inheritance","volume":"21","author":"Kremsky","year":"2020","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-015-0774-2"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2020.02.008","article-title":"MicroRNAs in pulmonary sarcoidosis: a systematic review","volume":"58","author":"Pattnaik","year":"2020","journal-title":"Respir Investig"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.R110.205286"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg.2016.83"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.7","first-page":"739","article-title":"Mammalian non-CpG methylation: stem cells and beyond","volume":"3","author":"Pinney","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biology (Basel)"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.298"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.09.053"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3380"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.5.1827"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-016-1066-1"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.48.7.1216"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cr.2011.22"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14248"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-61779-316-5_20"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg3788"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/0471142727.mb2129s109"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.4396"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-genom-091416-035324","article-title":"Single-cell (multi)omics technologies","volume":"19","author":"Chappell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Rev Genom Hum Genet"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1714980114"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2013.00218","article-title":"T cell immunity as a tool for studying epigenetic regulation of cellular differentiation","volume":"4","author":"Russ","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front Genet"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2474"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M502038200"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(02)00314-X"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3603","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.153.8.3603","article-title":"Differentiation of the T helper phenotypes by analysis of the methylation state of the IFN-gamma gene","volume":"153","author":"Young","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.emboj.7601148"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2017.05.011","article-title":"The environment, epigenome, and asthma","volume":"140","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.29","unstructured":"National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (US) Office on Smoking and Health . The Health Consequences of Smoking-50 Years of Progress: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US), 2014."},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2010.129"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.13075\/ijomeh.1896.00560","article-title":"Overall human mortality and morbidity due to exposure to air pollution","volume":"29","author":"Samek","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Occup Med Environ Health"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.32","unstructured":"Brunekreef B , Beelen R , Hoek G , et al. Effects of long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution on respiratory and cardiovascular mortality in the Netherlands: the NLCS-AIR study. Res Rep Health Eff Inst 2009: 5\u201371."},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201511-760OC"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201906-1250OC","article-title":"Income and other contributors to poor outcomes in U.S. patients with sarcoidosis","volume":"201","author":"Harper","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00991-2017"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.164.10.2104046"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.37","first-page":"119","article-title":"The clinical course of sarcoidosis: presentation, diagnosis, and treatment in a large white and black cohort in the United States","volume":"29","author":"Judson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis"},{"issue":"Suppl. 6","key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S421","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201707-564OT","article-title":"Disease burden and variability in sarcoidosis","volume":"14","author":"Gerke","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1080\/17512433.2018.1486706","article-title":"Treatment of sarcoidosis: grading the evidence","volume":"11","author":"James","year":"2018","journal-title":"Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.1991.tb08129.x","article-title":"Detection of endogenous cytokines in sera or in lymph nodes obtained from patients with sarcoidosis","volume":"84","author":"Asano","year":"1991","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004603"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1097\/ACI.0b013e3282f824a4","article-title":"Immunology of chronic beryllium disease","volume":"8","author":"Samuel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"Suppl. 6","key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S429","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201707-565OT","article-title":"Genetic, immunologic, and environmental basis of sarcoidosis","volume":"14","author":"Moller","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2007.094060"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00385-2018"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.92.3.488"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0039.1983.tb01192.x","article-title":"HLA-B8\/DR3 in sarcoidosis. Correlation to acute onset disease with arthritis","volume":"22","author":"Hedfors","year":"1983","journal-title":"Tissue Antigens"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.48","first-page":"25","article-title":"Class II MHC antigen (HLA-DR3) predisposes to sarcoid arthritis","volume":"24","author":"Krause","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Clin Lab Immunol"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/378097"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-0039.2001.057001087.x"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb.25.3.4261"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.52","first-page":"143","article-title":"TNF-alpha and HLA-DR genotyping as potential prognostic markers in pulmonary sarcoidosis","volume":"10","author":"Swider","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur Cytokine Netw"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2014-0227OC","article-title":"Association of HLA-DRB1 with sarcoidosis susceptibility and progression in African Americans","volume":"53","author":"Levin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.54","first-page":"125","article-title":"HLA and environmental interactions in sarcoidosis","volume":"25","author":"Rossman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18633","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-54612-1","article-title":"A gene-environment interaction between smoking and gene polymorphisms provides a high risk of two subgroups of sarcoidosis","volume":"9","author":"Rivera","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.21811","article-title":"Efficient generalised least squares method for mixed population and family-based samples in genome-wide association studies","volume":"38","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Genet Epidemiol"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.198"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-004466"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/gene.2012.48"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2010.138743"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/gene.2011.27"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1080\/17476348.2020.1784729","article-title":"Association of TGF-beta3 and ANXA11 with pulmonary sarcoidosis in Greek population","volume":"14","author":"Sikorova","year":"2020","journal-title":"Expert Rev Respir Med"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1519"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/444435"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e92646","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0092646","article-title":"Admixture fine-mapping in African Americans implicates XAF1 as a possible sarcoidosis risk gene","volume":"9","author":"Levin","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0043907"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201503-0418OC"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-020-01185-9","article-title":"Genetic control of CCL24, POR, and IL23R contributes to the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis","volume":"3","author":"Meguro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Commun Biol"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201507-1372OC"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1719","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01719","article-title":"Current sarcoidosis models and the importance of focusing on the granuloma","volume":"11","author":"Locke","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1097\/MCP.0000000000000708","article-title":"Experimental models of sarcoidosis: where are we now?","volume":"26","author":"Jeny","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pulm Med"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1843.2007.01062.x"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2016-209032"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201508-568BC"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200402-249OC"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/148.4_Pt_1.974"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.116.5.1183"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1047-2797(00)00179-4"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)65119-7","article-title":"Granulomatous pneumonitis and mediastinal lymphadenopathy due to photocopier toner dust","volume":"348","author":"Armbruster","year":"1996","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/rmed.2000.0827"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-038926"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1334","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0811.020318","article-title":"Molecular analysis of sarcoidosis tissues for mycobacterium species DNA","volume":"8","author":"Drake","year":"2002","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-012-9700-5"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20040429"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-019-1060-8"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201040539"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201507-1499OC"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01124-2017"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201401-0188OC"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.080580"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830220120"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00166110"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200912-1855OC"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201106-1143OC"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00039714"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/epi.6.5.15374"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.2487"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/gm444"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/1868-7083-4-20","article-title":"Genome-scale case-control analysis of CD4+ T-cell DNA methylation in juvenile idiopathic arthritis reveals potential targets involved in disease","volume":"4","author":"Ellis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Epigenet"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1377059","article-title":"Sarcoidosis and chronic beryllium disease: similarities and differences","volume":"35","author":"Mayer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sem Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1097\/ACI.0000000000000429","article-title":"Role of epigenetics in the development of childhood asthma","volume":"18","author":"Davidson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201408-1452OC"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2011.12.068"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/s00005-014-0315-9","article-title":"Differential inflammatory microRNA and cytokine expression in pulmonary sarcoidosis","volume":"63","author":"Jazwa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz)"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121378","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/121378","article-title":"Correlation network analysis reveals relationships between microRNAs, transcription factor T-bet, and deregulated cytokine\/chemokine-receptor network in pulmonary sarcoidosis","volume":"2015","author":"Dyskova","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s12881-016-0266-6","article-title":"Altered miRNA expression in pulmonary sarcoidosis","volume":"17","author":"Kiszalkiewicz","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Med Genet"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1246129","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/1246129","article-title":"The serum expression of selected miRNAs in pulmonary sarcoidosis with\/without Lofgren's syndrome","volume":"2016","author":"Novosadova","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1166","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.13364","article-title":"Expression analysis of extracellular microRNA in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis","volume":"23","author":"Kishore","year":"2018","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2018.07.012","article-title":"Molecular profiling of regulatory T cells in pulmonary sarcoidosis","volume":"94","author":"Kachamakova-Trojanowska","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2018-0177OC","article-title":"DNA methylation changes in lung immune cells are associated with granulomatous lung disease","volume":"60","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"issue":"Suppl. 6","key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S415","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201707-563OT","article-title":"Executive summary of the NHLBI workshop report: leveraging current scientific advancements to understand sarcoidosis variability and improve outcomes","volume":"14","author":"Maier","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"issue":"Suppl. 6","key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S445","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201707-567OT","article-title":"Application of \u201comics\u201d and systems biology to sarcoidosis research","volume":"14","author":"Crouser","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3786"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2013.11.025"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1080\/17476348.2020.1684902","article-title":"Emerging phenotypes of sarcoidosis based on 18F-FDG PET\/CT: a hierarchical cluster analysis","volume":"14","author":"Papiris","year":"2020","journal-title":"Expert Rev Respir Med"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vukmirovic M , Yan X , Gibson KF , et al. Transcriptomics of bronchoalveolar lavage cells identifies new molecular endotypes of sarcoidosis. medRxiv 2020; preprint [ https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.07.24.20161448 ].","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.07.24.20161448"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e90151","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.90151","article-title":"DNA methylation in lung cells is associated with asthma endotypes and genetic risk","volume":"1","author":"Nicodemus-Johnson","year":"2016","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"046003","DOI":"10.1088\/1752-7155\/7\/4\/046003","article-title":"Measurement of neopterin, TGF-beta1 and ACE in the exhaled breath condensate of patients with sarcoidosis","volume":"7","author":"Ahmadzai","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Breath Res"},{"issue":"Suppl. 4,","key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.119","first-page":"335","article-title":"Inflammatory markers in the exhaled breath condensate of patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis","volume":"57","author":"Rozy","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Physiol Pharmacol"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2007.03.002"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(75)90395-2"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10408368609110273"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00365510410004092"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-14-121"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2020.07.003","article-title":"Plasma matrix metalloproteinase 7, CC-chemokine ligand 18, and periostin as markers for pulmonary sarcoidosis","volume":"58","author":"Isshiki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Respir Investig"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2019.04.005","article-title":"Serum CXCL11 correlates with pulmonary outcomes and disease burden in sarcoidosis","volume":"152","author":"Arger","year":"2019","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2014.11.009"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.128","first-page":"59","article-title":"Chitotriosidase analysis in bronchoalveolar lavage of patients with sarcoidosis","volume":"24","author":"Bargagli","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1373\/49.9.1510"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200705-742OC"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.03.00083002"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13282","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-69281-8","article-title":"Novel protein pathways in development and progression of pulmonary sarcoidosis","volume":"10","author":"Bhargava","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200803-490OC"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0044818"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aaw8513"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI76507"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.137","first-page":"807","article-title":"Decitabine in the treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes","volume":"3","author":"Saba","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ther Clin Risk Manag"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3889"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16009","DOI":"10.1038\/celldisc.2016.9","article-title":"A CRISPR-based approach for targeted DNA demethylation","volume":"2","author":"Xu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Discov"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkw159"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd3674","article-title":"Epigenetic protein families: a new frontier for drug discovery","volume":"11","author":"Arrowsmith","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Dis"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2013.00235","article-title":"Pre-clinical studies of epigenetic therapies targeting histone modifiers in lung cancer","volume":"3","author":"Huffman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg.2017.32"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-15-145","article-title":"Methylation quantitative trait loci (meQTLs) are consistently detected across ancestry, developmental stage, and tissue type","volume":"15","author":"Smith","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Genom"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-03209-9","article-title":"Co-occurring expression and methylation QTLs allow detection of common causal variants and shared biological mechanisms","volume":"9","author":"Pierce","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1841","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2020.05.601","article-title":"Expression quantitative trait methylation analysis reveals methylomic associations with gene expression in childhood asthma","volume":"158","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-13-86"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.148"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg.2017.15"},{"key":"2021062400001247000_30.160.210076.150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-019-5761-7","article-title":"Guidance for DNA methylation studies: statistical insights from the Illumina EPIC array","volume":"20","author":"Mansell","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Genom"}],"container-title":["European Respiratory Review"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1183\/16000617.0076-2021","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,24]],"date-time":"2025-02-24T00:03:11Z","timestamp":1740355391000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.ersnet.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.1183\/16000617.0076-2021"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,23]]},"references-count":150,"journal-issue":{"issue":"160","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,23]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,30]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1183\/16000617.0076-2021"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/16000617.0076-2021","relation":{},"ISSN":["0905-9180","1600-0617"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0905-9180","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0617","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,23]]}}}