{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T07:56:52Z","timestamp":1793692612515,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"European Respiratory Society (ERS)","issue":"151","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,14]],"date-time":"2019-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1552521600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["publications.ersnet.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur Respir Rev"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,23]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) is defined as a combination of obesity (body mass index \u226530\u2005kg\u00b7m\n                    <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                    ), daytime hypercapnia (arterial carbon dioxide tension \u226545\u2005mmHg) and sleep disordered breathing, after ruling out other disorders that may cause alveolar hypoventilation. OHS prevalence has been estimated to be \u223c0.4% of the adult population. OHS is typically diagnosed during an episode of acute-on-chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure or when symptoms lead to pulmonary or sleep consultation in stable conditions. The diagnosis is firmly established after arterial blood gases and a sleep study. The presence of daytime hypercapnia is explained by several co-existing mechanisms such as obesity-related changes in the respiratory system, alterations in respiratory drive and breathing abnormalities during sleep. The most frequent comorbidities are metabolic and cardiovascular, mainly heart failure, coronary disease and pulmonary hypertension. Both continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and noninvasive ventilation (NIV) improve clinical symptoms, quality of life, gas exchange, and sleep disordered breathing. CPAP is considered the first-line treatment modality for OHS phenotype with concomitant severe obstructive sleep apnoea, whereas NIV is preferred in the minority of OHS patients with hypoventilation during sleep with no or milder forms of obstructive sleep apnoea (approximately &lt;30% of OHS patients). Acute-on-chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure is habitually treated with NIV. Appropriate management of comorbidities including medications and rehabilitation programmes are key issues for improving prognosis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0097-2018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,15]],"date-time":"2019-03-15T06:12:48Z","timestamp":1552630368000},"page":"180097","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/ers-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":328,"title":["Obesity hypoventilation syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1183","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Juan F.","family":"Masa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Louis","family":"P\u00e9pin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Christian","family":"Borel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Babak","family":"Mokhlesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick B.","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria\u00a0\u00c1ngeles","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Quiroga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"81","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024102403380966000_28.151.180097.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.200708-122MG"},{"key":"2024102403380966000_28.151.180097.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201410-1900OC"},{"key":"2024102403380966000_28.151.180097.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.2172"},{"key":"2024102403380966000_28.151.180097.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00959-2016"},{"key":"2024102403380966000_28.151.180097.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2007.01.006"},{"key":"2024102403380966000_28.151.180097.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2419","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.7270","article-title":"Differences in obesity prevalence by demographic characteristics and urbanization level among adults in the United States, 2013\u20132016","volume":"319","author":"Hales","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2024102403380966000_28.151.180097.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2014.05.007"},{"key":"2024102403380966000_28.151.180097.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.12367","article-title":"Obesity hypoventilation syndrome in Japan and independent determinants of arterial carbon dioxide levels","volume":"19","author":"Harada","year":"2014","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"2024102403380966000_28.151.180097.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15537\/smj.2015.2.9991"},{"key":"2024102403380966000_28.151.180097.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.09-0615"},{"key":"2024102403380966000_28.151.180097.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.45.1747"},{"key":"2024102403380966000_28.151.180097.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2015.11.010"},{"key":"2024102403380966000_28.151.180097.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.12400","article-title":"Gender differences in patients with obesity hypoventilation syndrome","volume":"25","author":"BaHammam","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"key":"2024102403380966000_28.151.180097.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.13051","article-title":"Prevalence of obesity hypoventilation syndrome in ambulatory obese patients attending pathology laboratories","volume":"22","author":"Borel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"2024102403380966000_28.151.180097.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2008.02.003"},{"key":"2024102403380966000_28.151.180097.16","first-page":"1347","article-title":"Obesity hypoventilation syndrome: a state-of-the-art review","volume":"55","author":"Mokhlesi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Respir Care"},{"key":"2024102403380966000_28.151.180097.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0885066612444261"},{"key":"2024102403380966000_28.151.180097.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-006-0092-8"},{"key":"2024102403380966000_28.151.180097.19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.2986","article-title":"Diagnostic predictors of obesity-hypoventilation syndrome in patients suspected of having sleep disordered breathing","volume":"9","author":"Macavei","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"key":"2024102403380966000_28.151.180097.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2013.05.031"},{"key":"2024102403380966000_28.151.180097.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201311-387FR","article-title":"Techniques for the measurement and monitoring of carbon dioxide in the blood","volume":"11","author":"Huttmann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"2024102403380966000_28.151.180097.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2014.05.006","article-title":"Sleep hypoventilation: diagnostic considerations and technological limitations","volume":"9","author":"Piper","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sleep Med Clin"},{"key":"2024102403380966000_28.151.180097.23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(16)00054-0","article-title":"Prevention and care of respiratory failure in obese patients","volume":"4","author":"Pepin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"2024102403380966000_28.151.180097.24","first-page":"943","article-title":"Respiratory management of the obese patient undergoing surgery","volume":"7","author":"Hodgson","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis"},{"key":"2024102403380966000_28.151.180097.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-789X.2008.00471.x"},{"key":"2024102403380966000_28.151.180097.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2016-208501"},{"key":"2024102403380966000_28.151.180097.27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15015","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2015.15","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome","volume":"1","author":"Levy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"2024102403380966000_28.151.180097.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2012.245159"},{"key":"2024102403380966000_28.151.180097.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200203-212OC"},{"key":"2024102403380966000_28.151.180097.30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01082.2001","article-title":"Post event ventilation as a function of CO(2) load during respiratory events in obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"93","author":"Berger","year":"2002","journal-title":"J ApplPhysiol (1985)"},{"key":"2024102403380966000_28.151.180097.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.10-2531"},{"key":"2024102403380966000_28.151.180097.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2010.143958"},{"key":"2024102403380966000_28.151.180097.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0052006"},{"key":"2024102403380966000_28.151.180097.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0117808"},{"key":"2024102403380966000_28.151.180097.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/crj.12054"},{"key":"2024102403380966000_28.151.180097.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.120.2.377"},{"key":"2024102403380966000_28.151.180097.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2003.08.022"},{"key":"2024102403380966000_28.151.180097.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.128.2.587"},{"key":"2024102403380966000_28.151.180097.39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.26436","article-title":"Impact of adherence with positive airway pressure therapy on hypercapnia in obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"2","author":"Mokhlesi","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"key":"2024102403380966000_28.151.180097.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-010-0360-5"},{"key":"2024102403380966000_28.151.180097.41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.12131","article-title":"Continuous positive airway pressure in clinically stable patients with mild-to-moderate obesity hypoventilation syndrome and obstructive sleep apnoea","volume":"18","author":"Salord","year":"2013","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"2024102403380966000_28.151.180097.42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.09-2472"},{"key":"2024102403380966000_28.151.180097.43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.2398","article-title":"Morbidity prior to a diagnosis of sleep-disordered breathing: a controlled national study","volume":"9","author":"Jennum","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"key":"2024102403380966000_28.151.180097.44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.02.647"},{"key":"2024102403380966000_28.151.180097.45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1843.2012.02252.x"},{"key":"2024102403380966000_28.151.180097.46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2017-210642"},{"key":"2024102403380966000_28.151.180097.47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.120.2.369"},{"key":"2024102403380966000_28.151.180097.48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2016-209826"},{"key":"2024102403380966000_28.151.180097.49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2017-211032"},{"key":"2024102403380966000_28.151.180097.50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vivodtzev I , Tamisier R , Croteau M , et\u00a0al. Ventilatory support or respiratory muscle training as adjuncts to exercise in obese CPAP-treated patients with obstructive sleep apnoea: a randomized controlled trial. Thorax 2018; doi:10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2017-211152.","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2017-211152"},{"key":"2024102403380966000_28.151.180097.51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201206-1101OC"},{"key":"2024102403380966000_28.151.180097.52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1002\/osp4.27","article-title":"The clinical characteristics and hospital and post-hospital survival of patients with the obesity hypoventilation syndrome: analysis of a large cohort","volume":"2","author":"Marik","year":"2016","journal-title":"Obes Sci Pract"},{"key":"2024102403380966000_28.151.180097.53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201008-1280CI"},{"key":"2024102403380966000_28.151.180097.54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.07-0027"},{"key":"2024102403380966000_28.151.180097.55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1222439"},{"key":"2024102403380966000_28.151.180097.56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.27941","article-title":"Best clinical practices for the sleep center adjustment of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) in stable chronic alveolar hypoventilation syndromes","volume":"6","author":"Berry","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"key":"2024102403380966000_28.151.180097.57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2007.01765.x"},{"key":"2024102403380966000_28.151.180097.58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.120.4.1231"},{"key":"2024102403380966000_28.151.180097.59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2006.10.027"},{"key":"2024102403380966000_28.151.180097.60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.67"},{"key":"2024102403380966000_28.151.180097.61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2014.02.015","article-title":"Noninvasive mechanical ventilation in patients with obesity hypoventilation syndrome. Long-term outcome and prognostic factors","volume":"51","author":"Ojeda Castillejo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch Bronconeumol"},{"key":"2024102403380966000_28.151.180097.62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-198805000-00015"},{"key":"2024102403380966000_28.151.180097.63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2013.09.017"},{"key":"2024102403380966000_28.151.180097.64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1111\/imj.12620","article-title":"Echocardiographic and electrocardiographic findings in patients with obesity hypoventilation syndrome","volume":"45","author":"Alawami","year":"2015","journal-title":"Intern Med J"},{"key":"2024102403380966000_28.151.180097.65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2007.081315"},{"key":"2024102403380966000_28.151.180097.66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2016-208559"},{"key":"2024102403380966000_28.151.180097.67","first-page":"A1042","article-title":"CPAP vs NIV for long term treatment of obesity hypoventilation syndrome: the results of the Pickwick randomized controlled trial","volume":"197","author":"S\u00e1nchez-Quiroga","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2024102403380966000_28.151.180097.68","unstructured":"Masa JF , Mokhlesi B , Gomez de Terreros FJ , et al. Long-term positive airway pressure therapy in obesity hypoventilation syndrome: the Pickwick Randomised Clinical Trial. Lancet 2019; in press."},{"key":"2024102403380966000_28.151.180097.69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.130.3.815"},{"key":"2024102403380966000_28.151.180097.70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2008.03.013"},{"key":"2024102403380966000_28.151.180097.71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-008-1276-4"},{"key":"2024102403380966000_28.151.180097.72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2011-201081"},{"key":"2024102403380966000_28.151.180097.73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.12269","article-title":"Randomized trial of \u201cintelligent\u201d autotitrating ventilation versus standard pressure support non-invasive ventilation: impact on adherence and physiological outcomes","volume":"19","author":"Kelly","year":"2014","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"2024102403380966000_28.151.180097.74","first-page":"zsx136","article-title":"Treating chronic hypoventilation with automatic adjustable versus fixed EPAP intelligent volume-assured positive airway pressure support (iVAPS): a randomized controlled trial","volume":"40","author":"McArdle","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"2024102403380966000_28.151.180097.75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00205714"},{"key":"2024102403380966000_28.151.180097.76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.congress-2018.PA1674"},{"key":"2024102403380966000_28.151.180097.77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-007082"},{"key":"2024102403380966000_28.151.180097.78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(83)91171-3"},{"key":"2024102403380966000_28.151.180097.79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2008.109728"},{"key":"2024102403380966000_28.151.180097.80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2014-205148"},{"key":"2024102403380966000_28.151.180097.81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI104957"},{"key":"2024102403380966000_28.151.180097.82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.07-0673"},{"key":"2024102403380966000_28.151.180097.83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2014-205361"},{"key":"2024102403380966000_28.151.180097.84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.3064","article-title":"Impact of treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on weight in obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"9","author":"Quan","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"key":"2024102403380966000_28.151.180097.85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2008.11.007"},{"key":"2024102403380966000_28.151.180097.86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2009.120808"},{"key":"2024102403380966000_28.151.180097.87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3310\/hta13320"},{"key":"2024102403380966000_28.151.180097.88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-014-1533-2"},{"key":"2024102403380966000_28.151.180097.89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1700459","article-title":"Weight and metabolic outcomes 12 years after gastric bypass","volume":"377","author":"Adams","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2024102403380966000_28.151.180097.90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.14-3216"},{"key":"2024102403380966000_28.151.180097.91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.12-2905","article-title":"Sleep-disordered breathing and postoperative outcomes after elective surgery: analysis of the nationwide inpatient sample","volume":"144","author":"Mokhlesi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2024102403380966000_28.151.180097.92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-198106000-00001"},{"key":"2024102403380966000_28.151.180097.93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1097\/GME.0000000000000130","article-title":"Short-term medroxyprogesterone acetate in postmenopausal women with sleep-disordered breathing: a placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group study","volume":"21","author":"Anttalainen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"key":"2024102403380966000_28.151.180097.94","first-page":"1442","article-title":"Hypercapnic respiratory failure in obesity-hypoventilation syndrome: CO(2) response and acetazolamide treatment effects","volume":"55","author":"Raurich","year":"2010","journal-title":"Respir Care"},{"key":"2024102403380966000_28.151.180097.95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2013-204389"},{"key":"2024102403380966000_28.151.180097.96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2015-208209"},{"key":"2024102403380966000_28.151.180097.97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0097563"},{"key":"2024102403380966000_28.151.180097.98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2623","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000001310","article-title":"Being overweight is associated with greater survival in ICU patients: results from the intensive care over nations audit","volume":"43","author":"Sakr","year":"2015","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2024102403380966000_28.151.180097.99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000256842.39767.41"},{"key":"2024102403380966000_28.151.180097.100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.7332","article-title":"The association between adherence to positive airway pressure therapy and long-term outcomes in patients with obesity hypoventilation syndrome: a prospective observational study","volume":"14","author":"Bouloukaki","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"}],"container-title":["European Respiratory Review"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1183\/16000617.0097-2018","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,24]],"date-time":"2025-02-24T00:00:53Z","timestamp":1740355253000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.ersnet.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.1183\/16000617.0097-2018"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,14]]},"references-count":100,"journal-issue":{"issue":"151","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,14]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,31]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1183\/16000617.0097-2018"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/16000617.0097-2018","relation":{},"ISSN":["0905-9180","1600-0617"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0905-9180","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0617","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,14]]}}}